Cell Biology 2

Question 1

What is the job of a sperm cell?

Answer 1

The job of a sperm cell is to join with an ovum (egg cell)

Question 2

What happens during fertilisation?

Answer 2

During fertilisation the genetic information of the ovum (egg cell) and the sperm cell combine.

Question 3

What are the adaptations of a sperm cell? (give three)

Answer 3

1. One adaptation of a sperm cell is its long tail which allows it to swim to the ovum. 2. Another adaptation is sperm cells are packed full of mitochondria which provide energy needed for swimming. 3. Sperm cells contain enzymes which allow them to digest their way through the outer layer of the ovum.

Question 4

What is the job of the nerve cell?

Answer 4

The job of a nerve cell is to send electrical impulses around the body.

Question 5

An axon is the long part of the nerve cell which carries the electrical impulses. What are the adaptations of the axon? (2)

Answer 5

An adaptation of the axon is its covered in myelin which insulates the axon and it speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.

Question 6

Nerve cells have a synapse at one end of them what is its job?

Answer 6

The job of the synapse is to allow the impulses to pass from one nerve cell to another.

Question 7

The cell body of a nerve cell has dendrites, what is their job?

Answer 7

The job of the dendrites are to increase the surface area so that the other nerve cells can connect more easily

Question 8

What do muscle cells work together to form?

Answer 8

Muscle cells work together to form muscle tissue.

Question 9

What does the mitochondria of a sperm cell do?

Answer 9

The mitochondria of a sperm cell provides the sperm energy to swim to the ovum

Question 10

What are the adaptations of muscle cells?

Answer 10

One adaptation of muscle cells is they contain protein fibres which allow them to contract and change their length. Another adaptation of muscle cells is they have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction.

Question 11

What is an adaptation of a root hair cell?

Answer 11

An adaptation of a root hair cell is their large surface area which increases their rate of absorption of water.

Question 12

Where in the plant are root hair cells found?

Answer 12

Root hair cells are found in the roots of the plant.

Question 13

Where in the plant are xylem cells found?

Answer 13

Xylem cells are found in the plant stem.

Question 14

What is the function of xylem cells?

Answer 14

The function of the xylem cells are to carry water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Question 15

What is the function of the phloem cells?

Answer 15

The function of the phloem cells are to transport substances around the plant.

Question 16

What is the function of the root hair cells?

Answer 16

The function of the root hair cells is to absorb water and minerals for the plant.

Question 17

What’s an adaptation of xylem cells?

Answer 17

An adaptation of xylem cells is they are hollow in the centre and this makes it easier for water and minerals to flow.

Question 18

What’s an adaptation of phloem cells?

Answer 18

Phloem cells contain pores which allow cell sap to flow

Question 19

What can effect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 19

The rate of diffusion may be effected by a larger surface area and higher temperature.