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Histology > Cell Bio: Intro > Flashcards

Cell Bio: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

A cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles

A

Prokaryotic cell

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2
Q

Where is a prokaryotic cell only found?

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

What a prokaryotic cell may or may not have

A

A cell wall outside of the plasma membrane

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4
Q

Does a prokaryotic cell have a nuclear envelope?

A

No

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5
Q

What does a nuclear envelope do?

A

Separates the genetic material from the remainder of the cell

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6
Q

A cell containing a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes

A

Eukaryotic cell

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7
Q

Common functions of all cells

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Movement of material in and out of the cell
  • Cellular metabolism
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8
Q

Many of the common functions of cells are the responsibility of distinct structural regions of the cell

A

Organelle

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9
Q

Cells are also _____ and will perform one or more specific activities with a great deal of efficiency

A

Specialized

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10
Q

What do muscle cells specialized do

A

Contract

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11
Q

What is the process that a cell must go through in order the cell to become specialized?

A

Differentiation

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12
Q

What are the 2 basic parts that make up a cell?

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
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13
Q

What separates the cytoplasm from its environment?

A

Plasma membrane/envelope

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14
Q

What separates the nucleus from the remainder of the cell?

A

Nuclear membrane/envelope

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15
Q

Plasma membrane composition

A

Lipid bilayer containing:
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates

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16
Q

Plasma membrane functions

A
  • Protection
  • Isolation
  • Sensitivity
  • Support
  • Controls entry/exit of materials in the cell
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17
Q

Cytosol composition

A

Fluid component of cytoplasm

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18
Q

Cytosol functions

A

Distributes materials by diffusion

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19
Q

Composition of cytoskeleton, microtubules, and microfilaments

A

Proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes

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20
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton, microtubules, and microfilaments

A
  • Strength/support
  • Movement of cellular structures and material
21
Q

Microvilli composition

A

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments

22
Q

Microvilli functions

A
  • Increases surface area
  • Facilitates absorption of extracellular material
23
Q

Centriole composition

A
  • Cytoplasm which contains two centrioles at right angles
  • 9 microtubule triplets in a 9+0 array
24
Q

Centriole functions

A
  • Movement of chromosomes during cell division
  • Organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton
25
Q

Cilia composition

A

Membrane extensions which contain microtubule doublets in a 9+2 array

26
Q

Cilia functions

A

Moves materials over the cell surface

27
Q

Ribosome composition

A

RNA + proteins

28
Q

What are fixed ribosomes bound to?

A

Rough ER

29
Q

What are free ribosomes bound to?

A

Smooth ER

30
Q

Ribosome functions

A

Protein synthesis

31
Q

Proteasome composition

A

Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes w/ regulatory proteins at ends

32
Q

Proteasome functions

A

Breakdown and recycling of damaged/abnormal intracellular proteins

33
Q

Mitochondria composition

A
  • Double membrane
  • Inner membrane fold encloses important metabolic enzymes
34
Q

Inner membrane fold of the mitochondria

A

Cristae

35
Q

Mitochondria functions

A

Produces 95% of the ATP required by the cell

36
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum composition

A
  • Network of membranous channels
  • Extends throughout the cytoplasm
37
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum functions

A
  • Synthesis of secretory products
  • Intracellular storage and support
38
Q

Type of endoplasmic reticulum that contains ribosomes bound to membranes

A

Rough ER

39
Q

Type of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks attached ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

40
Q

Rough ER functions

A

Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins

41
Q

Smooth ER functions

A

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

42
Q

Golgi apparatus composition

A

Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers

43
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A
  • Storage
  • Alteration
  • Packaging

of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

44
Q

Lysosome composition

A

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes

45
Q

Lysosome functions

A

Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens

46
Q

Peroxisome composition

A

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

47
Q

Peroxisome functions

A
  • Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds
  • Neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process
48
Q

Nucleolus composition

A

Dense region in nucleoplasm containing DNA and RNA

49
Q

Nucleolus function

A
  • Site of rRNA synthesis
  • Assembly of ribosomal subunits

Histology (12 decks)

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