CBT & Defence mechanisms

Question 1

What type of questions are used in CBT?

Answer 1

Socratic questions

Question 2

What is socratic questioning?

Answer 2

Cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presumptions.

Question 3

How are problems mapped out (split into) in CBT?

Answer 3

They are mapped out in terms of thoughts, behaviours, physiology and emotions- formulation.

Question 4

What does the cognitive behaviour model involve?

Answer 4

Mood, biology, behaviour, thoughts and trigger for the thoughts.

Question 5

What causes core beliefs which trigger automatic negative thoughts?

Answer 5

Early events.

Question 6

What does interpersonal therapy focus on?

Answer 6

Interpersonal difficulties, roles and grief

Question 7

What is the main focus of IPT?

Answer 7

Difficulties relating to others and helping the person to identify how they are feeling and behaving in their relationships. When a person is able to interact more effectively, their physical symptoms often improve.

Question 8

What four factors does IPT focus on?

Answer 8

Conflicts, life changes, grief and loss and relationship problems.

Question 9

What is behavioural activation?

Answer 9

It’s when people are depressed and they stop doing things they liked or stop interacting with others which makes them more depressed so you have to get people to act according to a plan rather than how they are feeling and this is turn will make them feel better. Dimidjian et al say that BA is practically more effective than anti-depressants in the treatment of depression.

Question 10

What was sigmund freud’s theory?

Answer 10

Psychodynamic theory- he believed in conscious and unconscious which means that mental illness resulted from unconscious conflicts originating in childhood, which contributed to current difficulties

Question 11

What is the neutral therapist?

Answer 11

One which is inhuman and unempathic and focuses on the patient- therapist relationship.

Question 12

What is transference?

Answer 12

It brings past feelings to present interaction, “the inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person’s childhood”.

Question 13

What is counter transference?

Answer 13

It occurs when a therapist transfers emotions to a person in therapy, is often a reaction to transference, a phenomenon in which the person in treatment redirects feelings for others onto the therapist.

Question 14

What percentage of carers have mental health problems?

Answer 14

One third

Question 15

What does NICE recommend for moderate to severe depression?

Answer 15

Combination of anti-depressants and high intensity psychological intervention (CBT OR IPT)

Question 16

Name the different defence mechanisms?

Answer 16

Denial, projection, dissociation, somatisation, regression, repression, displacement, humour, altruism.

Question 17

What does projection mean?

Answer 17

Psychological projection is a theory in psychology in which humans defend themselves against their own unconscious impulses or qualities (both positive and negative) by denying their existence in themselves while attributing them to others. ‘give’ an unwanted aspect of self to other.
Projection is a psychological defense mechanism in which individuals attribute characteristics they find unacceptable in themselves to another person
In some cases projection can result in false accusations. For example, someone with adulterous feelings might accuse their partner of infidelity.
Man believes that men he is attracted to are attracted to him.

Question 18

What is dissociation?

Answer 18

The splitting off of a group of ideas or behaviours from the mainstream of consciousness. eg a politician who fights for justice but evades tax on his home- so saying one thing and doing another with the same value in another aspect of life.

Question 19

What is somatisation?

Answer 19

Moving psychic pain into bodily dysfunction

Question 20

What is regression?

Answer 20

When a person returns to a child state to escape the present. A person who suffers a mental breakdown assumes a fetal position, rocking and crying.

A child suddenly starts to wet the bed after years of not doing so (this is a typical response to the arrival of a new sibling).

A college student carefully takes their teddy-bear with them (and goes to sleep cuddling it).

So like comfort things from your childhood you still practice to manage adult life.

Question 21

What is repression?

Answer 21

Psychological repression, or simply repression, is the psychological attempt made by an individual to direct one’s own desires and impulses toward pleasurable instincts by excluding the desire from one’s consciousness and holding or subduing it in the unconscious.
The forgetting of unacceptable ideas.
Also known as ‘dis-associative amnesia’
A person having no recollection of the abuse suffered during childhood

Question 22

What is displacement?

Answer 22

The redirection of feelings for a person or thing to another, less important person or thing, e.g. a man who is angry at his boss vents his anger by kicking his dog.

Question 23

What is humour?

Answer 23

Normal defence mechanism- what it says on the tin

Question 24

What is altruism?

Answer 24

a motivational state with the goal of increasing another’s welfare. The individual deals with emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by dedication to meeting the needs of others.

Question 25

What is rationalisation?

Answer 25

Use of feeble arguments to justify one’s shortcomings- an SHO says he failed his exams because of a biased examiner.

Question 26

What is sublimation?

Answer 26

It is a mature defence mechanism where you channel your instinctual drives into constructive activities. eg sport study etc.