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MBBS III Sem II > Case 7 Basal Ganglia Anatomy > Flashcards

Case 7 Basal Ganglia Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basal ganglia?

A

A large group of subcortical nuclei, within the white matter

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2
Q

What are the amor components of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus nad substantiea nigra

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3
Q

What are th inputs to the basal ganglia?

A

The cerebral cortex and eh substantia migra pars compacta

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4
Q

What does the cerebral cortex connect to?

A

The caudate nucleus and the putamen

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5
Q

What are th outputs from the basal ganglia?

A

Globus pallidus internal and substantia nigra pars reticulata

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6
Q

What is the function of the direct pathway?

A

Facilitate movement

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7
Q

What is the function of th indirect pathway?

A

To inhibit/modulate movement

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8
Q

Outline the indirect pathway

A

Cortex + substantia nigra pars compacta –> striatum –> globus pallidus (external) –> subthalamic nulceus –> globus pallidus internal –> sub nigra pars reticulata

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9
Q

Which component of the substantial migra connects to the thalamus? (pars compacta or pars reticulata?)

A

Pars reticulata

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10
Q

Outline the direct pathway

A

Cortex + sub nigra pars compacta –> striatum –> globus palldus –> SNpr –> thalamus

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the caudate nucleus and where are they located relative to the lateral ventricle?

A

Head, body, tail
Head = lateral wall of the anterior horn
Body = floor of the body
Tail = roof of the inferior horn

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12
Q

The internal capsule is comprised of an anterior and posterior limb, what structures does each respective lib separate?

A

Anterior = caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

Posterior lentiform nucleus and thalamus

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13
Q

What structures comprise the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen and globus paliidus

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14
Q

What sit eh striatum?

A

The part where the putamen fuses with the caudate nucleus (creates “striae” of grey matter)

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15
Q

Why are the amygdala and nucleus acccumbens important in the basal ganglia?

A

Amygdala = rage and aggression

Nucleus accumbent = reward and satiation

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16
Q

What substance pigments the substantial migra?

A

Neuromelanin (from dopamine synthesis)

17
Q

Name the 2 parts of the substantial migra:

A

Pars compact and pars reticulata

18
Q

Whereas the pars reticulate releases ____, the pars reticulate releases ___

A

Whereas the pars reticulate releases dopamine, the pars reticulate releases GABA

19
Q

Whereas the ___ ___ is the medial relation of the thalamus, the ___ ___ is the lateral relation

A

Whereas the third ventricle is the medial relation of the thalamus, the internal capsule is the lateral relation

20
Q

Which section of the thalamus (anterior, medial or lateral) is most important for the basal ganglia + motor pathways?

A

Anterior, contains the VA and VL nuclei

21
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Integrates the sensory and other inputs from the brain and spinal cord to smoothly coordinate ongoing

22
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

Located in the Posterior Cranial Fossa and Inferior to the tentorium cerebelli

23
Q

what structure divides the 2 cerebellar hemispheres?

A

The vermis

24
Q

The anterior and posterior lobes are divides by what fissure?

A

The primary fissure

25
Q

The posterolateral fissure will separate which 2 cerebellar lobes?

A

Flocculonodular and posterior lobes

26
Q

What is the function of the inferior vermis and the flocculonodular lobes?

A

Balace ad eye movements

27
Q

The cerebellum lateral to the vermis is responsible for motor ___ and the cerebellum very lateral to the vermis is responsible for ___ ___

A

The cerebellum lateral to the vermis is responsible for motor control and the cerebellum very lateral to the vermis is responsible for motor planning.

28
Q

Name the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei

A

Dentate, emboliform, globose and fastigial

29
Q

How do the layout of the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei relate to their function

A

Dentate = most lateral, therefore is active during motor planning; Emboliform and globose are active during motor actions and Fastigial nuclei project to eh vestibular nuclei

30
Q

What attaches the cerebellum and the midbrain/pons/medulla?

A

Cerebellar peduncles and fourth ventricle

31
Q

Which lobe is themes inferior?

A

Flocculonodular

32
Q

What are the names of the 2 cerebellar fissures?

A

Primary and posterlateral fissures

33
Q

There are 3 cerebellar peduncles, one is for th output, which one is that?

A

Peduncles =superior, middle and inferior

Superior is for outputs

34
Q

What is the alternate name of the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Brachium conjunctivum

35
Q

What do the superior, middle and inferior peduncles attach to?

A

Superior is to the inferior colliculus
Middle is the the pons
Inferior is the midbrain

MBBS III Sem II (16 decks)

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