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MBBS III Sem II > Beckett lecture: pituitary phgysiology > Flashcards

Beckett lecture: pituitary phgysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Ventral hypothalamic neurons connect to what portal system?

A

Primary acpaillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system

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2
Q

Neons from which nuclei supply the neurohypophysis?

A

Suproptic and Paraventricular

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3
Q

Which neutrons synthesis hormones for the post pituitary?

A

Mangocellular neurons

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4
Q

What is the name of the neuronal tract between the hypothalamus and the post pituitary

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

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5
Q

What 2 hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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6
Q

What cells comprise the posterior pituitary?

A

Pituicytes (glial-like cells) and magnocllular neurons

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7
Q

Where does oxytocin originate?

A

Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

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8
Q

What are the functions of oxytocin?

A

Milk ejection and uterine smooth muscle contraction

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9
Q

What receptor does oxytocin act on?

A

GPCR

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10
Q

Where is ADH synthesised?

A

Mainly in the supraoptic nucleus

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11
Q

Name 3 functions of ADH

A

Reabsorption of water
Increase thirst
Vasoconstriction

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12
Q

What activates the cells for eh ant pit?

A

Rleasing/inhibitory hormones released from the hypothalamus

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13
Q

Outline the functions of FSH na LH

A

FSH: INCRASE Folliculogenesis and oestrogen/ sperm maturation
LH: increase ovulation, oestrogen and testosterone

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14
Q

What is the nature of GnRH secretion?

A

Pulsatile and suppressed by lactation, diet, exercise and stress

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15
Q

Which hormone suppresses GnRH

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone

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16
Q

What can cause hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Prolactinoma and Dopamine antagonists (schizophrenia)

17
Q

What is the affect of prolactin on GnRH and therefore what ais the clinical presentation?

A

Prolactin inhibits GnRH causes an ovulation and amenoorhaoe in females and infertility in men/reducd libido

18
Q

How can pituitary insufficiency arise?

A

Pituitary tumour/ destruction pit gland (i.e. inflammation), SAH, radiotheral

19
Q

What are the secretions from the 2layers of the adrenal glands

A 
medulla = catecholamines
Cortex= steroids
20
Q

Illustrate the correlation between site and secretion in the adrenal cortex

A

Zona reticularis: sex hormones
Zona fascicularis: glucocorticoids
Zone glomerulosa: aldosterone

21
Q

What cells release adrenaline/noradrenaline?

A

Chromaffin cells

22
Q

Effect of aacatecholamines?

A

Increase co, cerebral perfusion, pulmonary ventilation

23
Q

What are the effects of cortisol on the immune system, liver uncle and adipose tissue?

A

Suppression immune, gluconeogenesis in liver, protein catabolism in muscle and lipolysis in the adipose tissue

24
Q

What is the effect of cortisol on insulin?

A

Antagonist

25
Q

What is the affect of cortisol on the heart?

A

Increases sensitivity to adrenaline and noradrenaline

26
Q

How does cortisol affect the immune system?

A

Inhibits prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis

27
Q

What is the therapeutic utility of cortisol?

A

Allergies, autoimmune disease

28
Q

How does cortisol levels vary?

A

In a diurnal variation

29
Q

Two major effects of aldosterone?

A

Increase K excretion and incase na reabsorption

30
Q

What are the manifestations of adrenocortical hyper secretion?

A

Cushing’s sndreom, hyperaldosteronism, andrenogenital syndrome

31
Q

What can cause cushing’s syndrome?

A

Hypersection of CRH or acth (Pituitary causes = Cushing’s disease)
Adrenal cortex adenomas
Ectopic secretion
Glucocorticoi dose

32
Q

Manifestations of cushing’s syndrome?

A

Adrenal diabetes
Fat redistribution
muscle and bone weakness (breakdown of protein)

33
Q

What is conn’s syndrome

A

Small, aldosterone-secreting tumor of the zona glomerulosa

34
Q

How does conn’s syndrome manifest?

A

Muscle paralysis, hypertension and low plasma rennin

35
Q

What n cause adrenal androgen excess?

A

Tumours or congenital adrenal hyperplasia

MBBS III Sem II (16 decks)

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