Case 4 Pathology of Encephalitis Flashcards
Define encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain parenchyma, usually is viral
How does encephalitis differentiate form meningitis?
Meningitis does not affect the parenchyma
What is the major presentation of encephalitis?
Diffuse, generalised neuropsyhological dysfuncftion
How does PCR work?
Amplifiies a asmall piece of dna, use it to identify pathogens
What pathogens are identifiable on PCR?
HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, HPV, VZV
What are 5 ddx for headache and fever?
Infection (meningitis, encephalitis, absces)
Haemorage (sah, STROKE)
HAutoimmune
Other (drug - serotonin syndrome)
What is the classic tired for meningitis?
Triad of fever, neck stiffness and altered mental status (plus headache) (95% of pts have 2)
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meningies with incrased number of WBC in the CSF
What are the mechanism of obtaining meningitis?
Direct inoulaiotn, direct spread from nearby colonisation or haematogenous spread
What are key points from the history?
Duration and prodrome of symptoms
Any sick contacts
any recent surgery/medication/immunosuppression
What is important social history in Meningitis?
Trave (Tb), insect exposure, animal exposure, occupation history and vaccine
What are the key points on PE for meningitis?
Presence of sepsis
Assess respiratory system
Look for rashes
Full neuro examination
How does meningococcal presence?
Non-blanching purpura
What is the significance of the neurolWhat is kernig’s sig?
Inability to fully extend the knee when hip is flexed
What is brudisnky’s sign
Spontaneous flexion of the hips with neck flexion
