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MBBS III Sem II > Case 4: Limbic System > Flashcards

Case 4: Limbic System Flashcards

Understand the limbic system

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the limbic system?

A

Homeostasis, Olfaciton, Memory and Emotion

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2
Q

What is the limbic system comported for?

A

Limbic lobes and cortical lobes

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3
Q

What are the 3 major cortical sutrcutrs of the limbic system?

A

Cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and isthmus

others are theorbitofrontal fields and the temporal lobe

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4
Q

Where is the cingulate gyrus located?

A

Above the cingulate sulcus

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5
Q

Were is the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

Medial temporal lobe, separated from rest of temporal lobe by the collateral sulcus

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6
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Where the cingulate and parahippocampal gyro join

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7
Q

What 4 cortices comprise the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

Piriform cortex, perirhinal core, parahippocampal cortex and entorhinal cortex

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8
Q

What are the relations of the uncus?

A

Bump on the anterior-medial parahippocmapal gyrus

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9
Q

How many regions and areas of the hypothalamus ar there?

A

4 regions and 3 areas

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10
Q

Ho are the areas of the hypothalamus arranged?

A

Meedial to lateral, relative to the third ventricle

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11
Q

Where is the periventricular nucleus?

A

Lines the third ventricle

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12
Q

Wha structures in the hypothalamus fdoes the formix separate?

A

Medial and lateral areas

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13
Q

What is the role of the medial hypothalamic area?

A

Recceives connections from the forebrain

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14
Q

What are the medial hypothalamic nuclei?

A

Preoptic, supraoptic, puberal and maxillary

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15
Q

Why is the supraoptic region so important?

A

Contains the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei: for oxytocin and ADH

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16
Q

why is the suprachiasmatic nucleus so important?

A

Regulats circadian rhythms

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17
Q

what is the main input to the hypothalamus?

A

The subiculum via th fornix

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18
Q

What is the main output of the hypothalamus?

A

The mamillothalamic tract to the anterior thalamic nulcues

19
Q

What is throne of themamillary bodies?

A

Memory recolleciton

20
Q

What is the role of the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei?

A

Hunger and satiation (dorsomedial = hunger)

21
Q

The neurons to the anterior pituitary lobe are ____ to the neurons to the posterior pituitary

A

Posterior (i.e. arcuate nucleus to the anterior lobe is posterior to the paraventricular nucleus)

22
Q

The Hypothalamus connects to the ANS via which bundle

A

Medial forebrain bundle

23
Q

The Hypothalamic fibres to the and descend from the ___ and ___ nuclei

A

Paraventricular and Dorsomedial

24
Q

How does the hypothalamus aid excitation?

A

Connects to the raphe nucleus and the pontomedullar reticular formation

25
Q

Which receptors are responsible for smell and there ar they location?

A

Olfactory receptors neurons in the ofactory mucosa

26
Q

The olfactory neurons pierce the ___ __ and synapse onto the ___ and ___ cells of the ___ ___

A

Cribiform plate
mitral and tufted cells
Olfactory bulb

27
Q

Where is th olfactory bulb located?

A

Olfactory sulcus

28
Q

What is the role of the mitral and tufted cell?

A

Act as a superhighway to the olfactory cortex

29
Q

The contralateral olfactory bulbs communicate with each other ia the ___ ___ nuclesu

A

Anterior olfactory nucleus

30
Q

What order neutrons are located in the primary olfactory nulceus

A

2nd order neurons

31
Q

Connections from the olfactory nucleus go via the lateral olfactory striae to what cortices?

A

pirform cortex nd perimamygdaloid nucleus

32
Q

What are the 3 components of the hippocmapl formation?

A

Dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper and subiculum

33
Q

Why is the dental greys important

A

It is the gateway to the hippocampus,

34
Q

What does the dentate gyrus continue anteriorly as?

A

continues anteriorly as the uncus

35
Q

Where is the hippocampus located relative to the lateral ventricle?

A

On the floor of the lateral ventricle

36
Q

Where is the subiculum located?

A

Between theentorihinal cortex of the parahippocampal gyrus and the dentate + hippocampus

37
Q

Illustrate the connections of the perforant pathway

A

CA4 granule cells give off “mossy fibers axons” to the CA3 –> Then synapse onto the schaffer cells of the dendrites of CA 1 pyramidal cells –> leave the hippocampus via the fornix

38
Q

What is the role of the perforant pathway?

A

Entrance to the hippocampal formation

39
Q

The areolar pathway connect the ___ cortex directly onto the CA_ and CA_

A

Entorhinal cortex directly onto the CA1 and CA3

40
Q

What is the role of the CA3 cells int he hippocmapl formation?

A

Allow long term potentiation

41
Q

From which gyrus to all afferent hippocampal fibres originate?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

42
Q

Which 2 other structures arecritical in memory in th limbic circuit?

A

Hypothalamic mamillary bodies and Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

43
Q

Where do the pre-commissural fibres from the fornix lead

A

septal nuclei

44
Q

Where do the post-commissural fibres from the fornix lead?

A

From the subiculum to the mammillary bodies and thalamus

MBBS III Sem II (16 decks)

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