Case 4: Limbic System

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of the limbic system?

Answer 1

Homeostasis, Olfaciton, Memory and Emotion

Question 2

What is the limbic system comported for?

Answer 2

Limbic lobes and cortical lobes

Question 3

What are the 3 major cortical sutrcutrs of the limbic system?

Answer 3

Cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and isthmus

others are theorbitofrontal fields and the temporal lobe

Question 4

Where is the cingulate gyrus located?

Answer 4

Above the cingulate sulcus

Question 5

Were is the parahippocampal gyrus?

Answer 5

Medial temporal lobe, separated from rest of temporal lobe by the collateral sulcus

Question 6

What is the isthmus?

Answer 6

Where the cingulate and parahippocampal gyro join

Question 7

What 4 cortices comprise the parahippocampal gyrus?

Answer 7

Piriform cortex, perirhinal core, parahippocampal cortex and entorhinal cortex

Question 8

What are the relations of the uncus?

Answer 8

Bump on the anterior-medial parahippocmapal gyrus

Question 9

How many regions and areas of the hypothalamus ar there?

Answer 9

4 regions and 3 areas

Question 10

Ho are the areas of the hypothalamus arranged?

Answer 10

Meedial to lateral, relative to the third ventricle

Question 11

Where is the periventricular nucleus?

Answer 11

Lines the third ventricle

Question 12

Wha structures in the hypothalamus fdoes the formix separate?

Answer 12

Medial and lateral areas

Question 13

What is the role of the medial hypothalamic area?

Answer 13

Recceives connections from the forebrain

Question 14

What are the medial hypothalamic nuclei?

Answer 14

Preoptic, supraoptic, puberal and maxillary

Question 15

Why is the supraoptic region so important?

Answer 15

Contains the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei: for oxytocin and ADH

Question 16

why is the suprachiasmatic nucleus so important?

Answer 16

Regulats circadian rhythms

Question 17

what is the main input to the hypothalamus?

Answer 17

The subiculum via th fornix

Question 18

What is the main output of the hypothalamus?

Answer 18

The mamillothalamic tract to the anterior thalamic nulcues

Question 19

What is throne of themamillary bodies?

Answer 19

Memory recolleciton

Question 20

What is the role of the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei?

Answer 20

Hunger and satiation (dorsomedial = hunger)

Question 21

The neurons to the anterior pituitary lobe are ____ to the neurons to the posterior pituitary

Answer 21

Posterior (i.e. arcuate nucleus to the anterior lobe is posterior to the paraventricular nucleus)

Question 22

The Hypothalamus connects to the ANS via which bundle

Answer 22

Medial forebrain bundle

Question 23

The Hypothalamic fibres to the and descend from the ___ and ___ nuclei

Answer 23

Paraventricular and Dorsomedial

Question 24

How does the hypothalamus aid excitation?

Answer 24

Connects to the raphe nucleus and the pontomedullar reticular formation

Question 25

Which receptors are responsible for smell and there ar they location?

Answer 25

Olfactory receptors neurons in the ofactory mucosa

Question 26

The olfactory neurons pierce the ___ __ and synapse onto the ___ and ___ cells of the ___ ___

Answer 26

Cribiform plate mitral and tufted cells Olfactory bulb

Question 27

Where is th olfactory bulb located?

Answer 27

Olfactory sulcus

Question 28

What is the role of the mitral and tufted cell?

Answer 28

Act as a superhighway to the olfactory cortex

Question 29

The contralateral olfactory bulbs communicate with each other ia the ___ ___ nuclesu

Answer 29

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Question 30

What order neutrons are located in the primary olfactory nulceus

Answer 30

2nd order neurons

Question 31

Connections from the olfactory nucleus go via the lateral olfactory striae to what cortices?

Answer 31

pirform cortex nd perimamygdaloid nucleus

Question 32

What are the 3 components of the hippocmapl formation?

Answer 32

Dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper and subiculum

Question 33

Why is the dental greys important

Answer 33

It is the gateway to the hippocampus,

Question 34

What does the dentate gyrus continue anteriorly as?

Answer 34

continues anteriorly as the uncus

Question 35

Where is the hippocampus located relative to the lateral ventricle?

Answer 35

On the floor of the lateral ventricle

Question 36

Where is the subiculum located?

Answer 36

Between theentorihinal cortex of the parahippocampal gyrus and the dentate + hippocampus

Question 37

Illustrate the connections of the perforant pathway

Answer 37

CA4 granule cells give off "mossy fibers axons" to the CA3 --> Then synapse onto the schaffer cells of the dendrites of CA 1 pyramidal cells --> leave the hippocampus via the fornix

Question 38

What is the role of the perforant pathway?

Answer 38

Entrance to the hippocampal formation

Question 39

The areolar pathway connect the ___ cortex directly onto the CA_ and CA_

Answer 39

Entorhinal cortex directly onto the CA1 and CA3

Question 40

What is the role of the CA3 cells int he hippocmapl formation?

Answer 40

Allow long term potentiation

Question 41

From which gyrus to all afferent hippocampal fibres originate?

Answer 41

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 42

Which 2 other structures arecritical in memory in th limbic circuit?

Answer 42

Hypothalamic mamillary bodies and Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

Question 43

Where do the pre-commissural fibres from the fornix lead

Answer 43

septal nuclei

Question 44

Where do the post-commissural fibres from the fornix lead?

Answer 44

From the subiculum to the mammillary bodies and thalamus