Case 2 Anatomy Flashcards
Understand the anatomy relevant to the pituitary gland
Cells of the pituitary gland are ___, ___ and ___
Acidophillic, basophilic and chromophillic
What are the 6 cells of the anterior pituitary gland
Somatrophs, Mammasomatrophys, Lactotrophs, Corticotrophs, Thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs
What do somatotrophs produce
GH
Whereas Mammasotrophs produce ___, gonadotrophys produce ___ & __
Prolactin
FSH & LH
The two hormones produced by corticotrophins are ___ & ___
ACTH & MSH
What are the 2 products of the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin & ADH
The pituitary gland is located in the ___ fossa and surrounded by the ____ ___
Pituitary (fossa)
Diaphragma Sella
The diaphragm sella is comprised of what mater?
Dura mater
What are the 2 boundaries of the pituitary fossa?
Anterior and Posterior CLinoid processes
The ___ ___ is most often compressed by pituitary adenomas, leading to __ __ visual field defect.
Optic Chiasm
Bitemporal Hemianopia
Into which sinus might the pituitary adenoma pierce?
Sphenoid sinus
what 2 sinuses are located around the pituitary fossa
Cavernous sinus
Sphenoid SInus
What type of cells comprise the anterior pituitary gland?
Epithelial cells
The anterior pituitary glands secretes hormones into ___ , which drain into ___ ___
Capillaries
Cavernous sinus
Neurons from the ___ nucleus of the hypothalamus connect to the ___ ___ and ___ of the pituitary gland
Arcuate (nucleus)
Median eminence & Infundibulum
What is the name of the tract that houses the hypothalamic neutrons to the posterior pituitary gland ?
Supraoptic Hypophysial tract
What is the alternate name of the posterior pituitary gland?
Neurohypophysis
The cranial nerves ___, ___, ___ and ___ are located in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
III (oculomotor)
IV (trochlear)
V1 (Ophthalmic)
V2 (Maxillary)
What are the contents of the cavernous sinus
Internal carotid artery
Cranial Nerve VI (abdomens)
Where is the cavernous sinus located?
Lateral to the sella turcica
The cavernous sinus drains which 3 veins?
Ophthalmic
Facial
Superficial cortical veins
What is the tuber cinerum?
Joining of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland’s infundibulum
It is grey matter
What is the location of the hypothalamus?
Diencephalon,inferior to thalamus, posterior to optic chiasm
The hypothalamic sulcus separates the ___ and the ___
Hypothalamus and the thalamus
Where are the maxillary bodies relative to the hypothalamus
Anterior
From what structure does the infundibulum arise?
The tuber coiner
The four hypothalamic areas are…
preoptic; supraoptic; middle (tuberal) and Posterior (mammillary)
Why are the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei important?
They secrete oxytocin and ADH
which hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for the circadian rhythm?
Supra-chiasmatic nucleus
Which important hypothalamic nucleus is located in the puberal region and what is its function?
Arcuate nucleus, for anterior pituitary functions
What is contained in the posterior hypothalamic region
Mammillary bodies
The ___ and ___ hypophyseal arteries supply the ___
Superior and inferior
Supply the hypothalamic pituitary portal system
Where do the 2 hypophyseal arteries arise from?
The ICA
The neurons from the hypothalamic nuclei release ___ factors into the____
regulating and inhibitory
Superior Hypophyseal plexus
The superior hypophyseal plexus drains into the anterior pituitary by which veins?
Hypophyseal portal veins
The pituitary gland releases hormones into the ____ ___ plexus
Inferior Hypophyseal
The cavernous sinus drains tinto which 3 structures?
IJV
Pterygoid plexus
Inferior petrous veis
