Case 2 Anatomy

Question 1

Cells of the pituitary gland are ___, ___ and ___

Answer 1

Acidophillic, basophilic and chromophillic

Question 2

What are the 6 cells of the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 2

Somatrophs, Mammasomatrophys, Lactotrophs, Corticotrophs, Thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs

Question 3

What do somatotrophs produce

Answer 3

GH

Question 4

Whereas Mammasotrophs produce ___, gonadotrophys produce ___ & __

Answer 4

Prolactin

FSH & LH

Question 5

The two hormones produced by corticotrophins are ___ & ___

Answer 5

ACTH & MSH

Question 6

What are the 2 products of the posterior pituitary?

Answer 6

Oxytocin & ADH

Question 7

The pituitary gland is located in the ___ fossa and surrounded by the ____ ___

Answer 7

Pituitary (fossa)

Diaphragma Sella

Question 8

The diaphragm sella is comprised of what mater?

Answer 8

Dura mater

Question 9

What are the 2 boundaries of the pituitary fossa?

Answer 9

Anterior and Posterior CLinoid processes

Question 10

The ___ ___ is most often compressed by pituitary adenomas, leading to __ __ visual field defect.

Answer 10

Optic Chiasm

Bitemporal Hemianopia

Question 11

Into which sinus might the pituitary adenoma pierce?

Answer 11

Sphenoid sinus

Question 12

what 2 sinuses are located around the pituitary fossa

Answer 12

Cavernous sinus

Sphenoid SInus

Question 13

What type of cells comprise the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 13

Epithelial cells

Question 14

The anterior pituitary glands secretes hormones into ___ , which drain into ___ ___

Answer 14

Capillaries

Cavernous sinus

Question 15

Neurons from the ___ nucleus of the hypothalamus connect to the ___ ___ and ___ of the pituitary gland

Answer 15

Arcuate (nucleus)

Median eminence & Infundibulum

Question 16

What is the name of the tract that houses the hypothalamic neutrons to the posterior pituitary gland ?

Answer 16

Supraoptic Hypophysial tract

Question 17

What is the alternate name of the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 17

Neurohypophysis

Question 18

The cranial nerves ___, ___, ___ and ___ are located in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

Answer 18

III (oculomotor)
IV (trochlear)
V1 (Ophthalmic)
V2 (Maxillary)

Question 19

What are the contents of the cavernous sinus

Answer 19

Internal carotid artery

Cranial Nerve VI (abdomens)

Question 20

Where is the cavernous sinus located?

Answer 20

Lateral to the sella turcica

Question 21

The cavernous sinus drains which 3 veins?

Answer 21

Ophthalmic
Facial
Superficial cortical veins

Question 22

What is the tuber cinerum?

Answer 22

Joining of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland’s infundibulum
It is grey matter

Question 23

What is the location of the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

Diencephalon,inferior to thalamus, posterior to optic chiasm

Question 24

The hypothalamic sulcus separates the ___ and the ___

Answer 24

Hypothalamus and the thalamus

Question 25

Where are the maxillary bodies relative to the hypothalamus

Answer 25

Anterior

Question 26

From what structure does the infundibulum arise?

Answer 26

The tuber coiner

Question 27

The four hypothalamic areas are...

Answer 27

preoptic; supraoptic; middle (tuberal) and Posterior (mammillary)

Question 28

Why are the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei important?

Answer 28

They secrete oxytocin and ADH

Question 29

which hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for the circadian rhythm?

Answer 29

Supra-chiasmatic nucleus

Question 30

Which important hypothalamic nucleus is located in the puberal region and what is its function?

Answer 30

Arcuate nucleus, for anterior pituitary functions

Question 31

What is contained in the posterior hypothalamic region

Answer 31

Mammillary bodies

Question 32

The ___ and ___ hypophyseal arteries supply the ___

Answer 32

Superior and inferior | Supply the hypothalamic pituitary portal system

Question 33

Where do the 2 hypophyseal arteries arise from?

Answer 33

The ICA

Question 34

The neurons from the hypothalamic nuclei release ___ factors into the____

Answer 34

regulating and inhibitory | Superior Hypophyseal plexus

Question 35

The superior hypophyseal plexus drains into the anterior pituitary by which veins?

Answer 35

Hypophyseal portal veins

Question 36

The pituitary gland releases hormones into the ____ ___ plexus

Answer 36

Inferior Hypophyseal

Question 37

The cavernous sinus drains tinto which 3 structures?

Answer 37

IJV Pterygoid plexus Inferior petrous veis