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MBBS III Sem II > Case 2 Anatomy > Flashcards

Case 2 Anatomy Flashcards

Understand the anatomy relevant to the pituitary gland

1
Q

Cells of the pituitary gland are ___, ___ and ___

A

Acidophillic, basophilic and chromophillic

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2
Q

What are the 6 cells of the anterior pituitary gland

A

Somatrophs, Mammasomatrophys, Lactotrophs, Corticotrophs, Thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs

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3
Q

What do somatotrophs produce

A

GH

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4
Q

Whereas Mammasotrophs produce ___, gonadotrophys produce ___ & __

A

Prolactin

FSH & LH

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5
Q

The two hormones produced by corticotrophins are ___ & ___

A

ACTH & MSH

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6
Q

What are the 2 products of the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin & ADH

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7
Q

The pituitary gland is located in the ___ fossa and surrounded by the ____ ___

A

Pituitary (fossa)

Diaphragma Sella

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8
Q

The diaphragm sella is comprised of what mater?

A

Dura mater

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9
Q

What are the 2 boundaries of the pituitary fossa?

A

Anterior and Posterior CLinoid processes

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10
Q

The ___ ___ is most often compressed by pituitary adenomas, leading to __ __ visual field defect.

A

Optic Chiasm

Bitemporal Hemianopia

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11
Q

Into which sinus might the pituitary adenoma pierce?

A

Sphenoid sinus

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12
Q

what 2 sinuses are located around the pituitary fossa

A

Cavernous sinus

Sphenoid SInus

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13
Q

What type of cells comprise the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Epithelial cells

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14
Q

The anterior pituitary glands secretes hormones into ___ , which drain into ___ ___

A

Capillaries

Cavernous sinus

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15
Q

Neurons from the ___ nucleus of the hypothalamus connect to the ___ ___ and ___ of the pituitary gland

A

Arcuate (nucleus)

Median eminence & Infundibulum

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16
Q

What is the name of the tract that houses the hypothalamic neutrons to the posterior pituitary gland ?

A

Supraoptic Hypophysial tract

17
Q

What is the alternate name of the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Neurohypophysis

18
Q

The cranial nerves ___, ___, ___ and ___ are located in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

A

III (oculomotor)
IV (trochlear)
V1 (Ophthalmic)
V2 (Maxillary)

19
Q

What are the contents of the cavernous sinus

A

Internal carotid artery

Cranial Nerve VI (abdomens)

20
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus located?

A

Lateral to the sella turcica

21
Q

The cavernous sinus drains which 3 veins?

A

Ophthalmic
Facial
Superficial cortical veins

22
Q

What is the tuber cinerum?

A

Joining of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland’s infundibulum
It is grey matter

23
Q

What is the location of the hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon,inferior to thalamus, posterior to optic chiasm

24
Q

The hypothalamic sulcus separates the ___ and the ___

A

Hypothalamus and the thalamus

25
Q

Where are the maxillary bodies relative to the hypothalamus

A

Anterior

26
Q

From what structure does the infundibulum arise?

A

The tuber coiner

27
Q

The four hypothalamic areas are…

A

preoptic; supraoptic; middle (tuberal) and Posterior (mammillary)

28
Q

Why are the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei important?

A

They secrete oxytocin and ADH

29
Q

which hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for the circadian rhythm?

A

Supra-chiasmatic nucleus

30
Q

Which important hypothalamic nucleus is located in the puberal region and what is its function?

A

Arcuate nucleus, for anterior pituitary functions

31
Q

What is contained in the posterior hypothalamic region

A

Mammillary bodies

32
Q

The ___ and ___ hypophyseal arteries supply the ___

A

Superior and inferior

Supply the hypothalamic pituitary portal system

33
Q

Where do the 2 hypophyseal arteries arise from?

A

The ICA

34
Q

The neurons from the hypothalamic nuclei release ___ factors into the____

A

regulating and inhibitory

Superior Hypophyseal plexus

35
Q

The superior hypophyseal plexus drains into the anterior pituitary by which veins?

A

Hypophyseal portal veins

36
Q

The pituitary gland releases hormones into the ____ ___ plexus

A

Inferior Hypophyseal

37
Q

The cavernous sinus drains tinto which 3 structures?

A

IJV
Pterygoid plexus
Inferior petrous veis

MBBS III Sem II (16 decks)

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