cardo DDx Flashcards
Infective Endocarditis
infection/inflammation of endocardium, normally from pathogen via blood stream
heart murmur, splinter haemorrhages, cachexia, chest pain
Left ventricular failure
gradual weakening of L) ventricle causing decrease tone and contractibility
Positive abdominojugular reflex test, 3rd and 4th heart sound, Crackles on lung auscultation, positional cough (supine)
Mitral stenosis
scarring causing narrowing of mitral valve (through immune response normally)
Auscultation (S1) Loud, accentuated (S2) ‘opening snap’ heard, Parasternal Heave, wide P wave due to left atrial enlargement , Exercise intolerance
Myocarditis
inflammation of the myocardium, affecting the hearts ability to contract
chest pain, t-wave inversion, fatigue/SOB
Pulmonary embolism
Thrombus embolises and lodges into pulmonary vasculature tree then Obstruction of blood flow distal to embolism
Raised JVP, Hypotension, pleuritic chest pain, Dyspnoea
Right ventricle failure (R)HF)
Failure of the right ventricle to pump blood into the lungs causes blood to build up in the veins
increased JVP, oedema, hepatomegaly
Pericardial Effusion
The pericardium is a fibroelastic sac surrounding the heart that contains a thin layer of fluid.
An effusion is present when the fluid in the sac exceeds the normal amount and affects heart contract ability
fatigue, raised JVP, dyspnoea
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is any disorder that effects the heart muscle. This can cause enlargement, thickening and stiffening of the heart muscles reducing its contractile capabilities.
oedema, dyspnoea, heaves and thrills on palpation
unstable angina
when thrombus formation occurs in coronary arteries post atherosclerosis rapture and cause partial infarction to areas of the heart leading to ischemia
ischemic chest discomfort, dyspnoea, dizzy
