abdo DDx Flashcards
appendicitis
obstruction of the opening of the appendix
McBurney’s point, Rovsing sign, and RLQ pain
Bowel obstruction
obstruction of bowel,
abdo pain, constipation, and areas of louder, higher pitched sounds
cholangitis
infection of bile ducts due to obstruction
RUQ pain, fever, jaundice
Cholecystitis
infection of gall bladder, due to bile duct blockage, decrease blood supply or infection of bile duct system
positive Murphy’s sign, fevers, pain in abdo or between shoulders, worsen after fatty foods
Cholelithiasis-gallstones
cholesterol gets into bile, then enters the gallbladder, where if remaining to long consolidates into solids and can block the bile duct
poorly localised abdo pain, collin’s sign (tip of scapular pain), biliary colic
Cystitis -bladder/lower urinary tract infection
pathogens ascend the urethra and cause bladder infection
suprapubic tenderness, dysuria, polyuria
Diverticulitis
erosion of diverticular wall due to increase pressure, or food particles leading to inflammation then necrosis
sharp LLQ pain, fever, change in bowel habits
Gastritis
weakness/damage to gastric mucosa, allowing stomach acids to inflame, damage stomach lining
epigastric pain, cachexia, nausea/vomiting
Hernia
due to pressure and an opening/weakness of muscle, allowing an organ or tissue push through the weakened area
painless swelling abdo/groin, change in bowel habits, discomfort at sight when bending over/straining
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Crohns & Ulcerative Colitis
UC autoimmune disease, CD immune disorder
RLQ abdo pain, diarrhoea (frequent and painful in UC) and blood in stool
Pancreatitis
acute inflammation of pancreas is due to hypersecretion, or backflow (obstruction) whilst chronic is due to endocrine/exocrine dysfunction
RUQ/LUQ pain, nausea/vomiting, sudden intense pain
Pyelonephritis
kidney infection due to UTI pathogen ascending to kidney
positive renal angle tenderness, painful urination, nausea/vomiting
