Cardiovascular system I Flashcards
cardiovascular system, overview =
Circulating gas, Nutrients and Wastes
3 main things that relate to CVS
BLOOD
VESSELS
HEART
Blood- Function (Life-sustaining transport carrier of CVS)
1) Transportation
2) Protection
3) Regulation
1) Transportation
O2, CO2 and other gases movement
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Metabolic waste
Hormones, Cytokines
2) Protection
Immune response (Antibodies, complement proteins, WBC)
Blood loss-Clotting (platelets)
3) Regulation
Body temp
pH
Circulatory body fluid volume/concentration (osmosis)
Blood characteristics
A liquid connective Tissue (only fluid tissue in the Human Body)
A sticky viscous opaque fluid
Scarlet Red: High Oxygen (in Artery)
Dark Red: Low Oxygen (in vein)
Blood volume: 1.2 to 1.5 Gallons: 8-10% of body weight
How much L of blood for male?
5-6L
How much L off blood for female?
4.5L
Blood in three layers;
55% plasma (liquid matrix)
% Buffy coat (Leucocyte, Platelets)
44% solids (RBC - Erythrocytes)
Blood cells formation: Haematopoiesis
Red bone marrow; Axial skeleton, Girdles, Epiphyses of humerus and femur
Haematopoietic stem cells/ Haemocytoblast
Formation of RBC, WBC and Platelets
Hormonal/Growth factors determine the type of cells
Produced cells enter through
blood sinusoids
Blood- Cells
1% - (white blood cells - WBC), Leucpcytes & Platelets)
1) Granulocytes
2) Arganulocytes
Granulocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Neutrophils
Major Abundant/
Common type
Larger cells
3-4 segments/
lobes of nucleus
Smaller granules
Bacterial Infection
Eosinophils
Larger granules
2 lobes of nucleus
with thick strand of chromatin
Parasitic Infection
Basophils
Huge granules
Horseshoe shaper nucleus
2 big lobes joined together
Migrate into the tissue, Mast cells
Histamine- Pro-inflammatory
Arganulocytes
- Monocytes
- Thrombocytes
- Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Horse shoe lobed nucleus
Migrate into tissue, Macrophages
Phagocytosis- Bacteria
Dendritic cells
Thrombocytes
Fragments/
Platelets
Contains no nucleus
Contains mitochondria
Blood Clotting
Lymphocytes
Big (equal to RBC)
Natural Killer Cells
Recognise virus infected cells & kill
Small
(nucleus occupies most)
Small
(nucleus occupies most)»_space;>
T-Helper
T-Suppressor
T-Cytotoxic
(Cancer cells)
Normal range of white blood cells:
4.0 - 11.0 x 10^9/L
Granulocytes
composition
Neutrophils: 1.5 - 8.0 x 109/L.
Eosinophils: 0.0 - 0.5 x 109/L.
Basophils: 0.0 - 0.2 x 10*9/L.
(Obvious granules [ light microscope]
Agranulocytes
Composition
Lymphocytes 1.0 - 4.0 x 109/L.
Monocytes 0.2 - 1.0 x 109/L.
Platelets: 150-450 x 10*9/L
(NO obvious granules [light microscope]