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PMP-101 > Brain structure = NS > Flashcards

Brain structure = NS Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum

A

involved in movement and coordination + posture

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2
Q

Diencenphalon

A

involved in regulation of the autonomic and endocrine

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3
Q

Brainstem

A

Involved in sensory-motor relays and vital autonomic function

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4
Q

Spinal cord

A

Relays information from the body to the brain

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5
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

Responsible for processing and memory

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6
Q

Cerebrum structure

A

bulk of the brain, divided into two hemispheres

separate: connected by white matter tract called corpus colosseum

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7
Q

Corpus colossum

A

large bundle of neuronal axons that pass between L + R hemispheres (allows communication)

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8
Q

Grey matter

A

outer layer of brain

cell bodies of neurones

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9
Q

White matter

A

Axons of these neurones

signals conducted from one area of grey matter to another

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10
Q

Myelin

A

insulates, surrounds neurone axons

fatty - white colour

Increases speed + distance at which signal can transverse along nerve

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

motor area in 1 hemisphere controls movements

On which side of the body?
Opposite side

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12
Q

How many lobes is the hemisphere split into?

A

4 hempispheres

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13
Q

Name the 4 lobes in the hemisphere:

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
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14
Q

Role of the frontal lobe:

A

-planning movements
-generates nerve impulses that imitate movements
-working memory

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15
Q

Role of parietal lobe:

A

-Generates sensory info e.g. auditory/ visual/ somatosensory/ proprioceptive info

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16
Q

Role of occipital lobe:

A

-visual cortex located
-primary visual cortex
-well defined map of visual - info received from outside world

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17
Q

Role of temporal lobe:

A

-auditory cortex
- receives auditory info

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18
Q

Cerebella lesion/ injuries, symptoms?

A

Difficulty performing rapid alternations movements

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19
Q

Dienccephalon

A

Receives sensory inputs from every part of the bod (except for a-factory inputs - sense of smell)

regulating the endocrine and autonomic systems

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20
Q

Diencephalon sits on top of brain stem and compromises the following parts:

A

-thalamus
-sub-thalamus
-hypothalamus
-epithalamus

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21
Q

Thalamus position

A

More SUPERIOR (above) portion of diencephalon

sensory info ascending cerebral cortex

22
Q

Composition of thalamus

A

numerous thalamic nuclei - functional speciality

23
Q

Thalamus respoinsibilities

A
  1. medication sensation
  2. motor activities
  3. cortical crucial learning
  4. memory
24
Q

Hypothalamus position

A

extends INTERFERIORLY + ANTERIORLY (below/infront) the thalamus

INFERIOR to the hypothalamus

25
Hypothalamus function
facilitate homeostasis = nervous + endocrine organ, numerous functions - automatic contact centre -regulation of body temp - reg of food intake - reg of water balance + thirst - reg of sleep-wake cycles - control of endocrine system
26
Sub-thalamus position
INFERIOR to the thalamus and lateral (to the side) of the hypothalamus
27
Sub-thalamus MAIN strutcure
Sub-thalamus > subthalamatic nucleus - processing that occurs in basal ganglia
28
Epiothalamus
-relay station between sense + cerebral cortex - pineal gland is part of epithalamus
29
Brainstem (3 parts)
- Medulla oblongata (elongated) - Midbrain - Pons (bridge)
30
Midbrain position
Most SUPERIOR, located INFERIOR to thalamus
31
Midbrain compositions
Fibres linking different components of the motor systems Cerebellum, basal, ganglia Contains nuclei involved in voluntary moments, motor junctions, coordination of visual + auditory reflexes -regulation of rhythms, thermoregulation
32
Pons
- contains storage bulge - inferior to midbrain - SUPERIOR to medula oblongata + ANTERIOR to cerebellum - white matter tracts + nuclei, relay signals from forebrain to cerebullum
33
Medulla
oblongata; most INFERIOR of brainstem + is continuous with spinal cord - white matter structures in the medulla (PYRAMIDS) contains motor fibres of the cortiopinal and curticebullar tracts = descending signals from brain to medulla and spinal cord
34
Medulla contains nuclei - functions
- regulate cardiovascular system - respiratory rhythm + digestion
35
Spinal cord position
- connects brain to rest of body - two way conduction system; provides neuronal pathways to form brain - spinal cord extents from medulla in brainstem to LOWER SPINE
36
Spinal cord synapse occur between....
CNS + PNS
37
Whats is a synapse?
Junction (conjunction) between the nerve cells across the junction that signals are sent from are nerve cell to another through chemical transmission.
38
Sensory neurones:
-enter spinal cord from the periphery through the dorsal horns -incoming neurones synapse with grey matter of either the spinal cord on the medulla -axons of ascending neurones extend into the white matter tracts to accord to brain
39
Motor neurones:
-cell bodies of lower motor neurones muscle within the ventral horn -axons exit spinal cord through these horns - upper motor neurones that descend from brain in the white mater tracts - axons extend with grey matter where their axons terminals synapse their axon terminals synapse with fewer motor neurones in ventral horns
40
Interneurone; crucial role to spinal cord and reflexes =
small, unmylinated interneurones may synapse between sensory neurones that enter dorsal horn + motor neurones that exit ventral horn
41
White matter -
Tracts contain axons of ascending or descending neurones which carry signals to or from brain
42
Ascending tracts -
- axons of sensory neurones which relay sensory inputs from the PNS to thalamus
43
Ascending tracts - orginisation
Organised by type of info - sensory info - touch, small, sound, being relayed + body location that it e.g axons that carry touch info - from upper limb travel in dame area of same ascending tract
44
Descending tracts
Contains axons of upper motor neurones replaying motor commands from motor cortex or automatic centre in brain the PNS
45
Descending tracts organised:
Ascending / descending tracts organised according to type of info the carry and the ultimate their commands
46
Spinal nerves
Dorsal + ventral roots - dorsal roots + ventral roots connect the nerve fibres from PNS to CNS
47
Dorsal
afferent (carry sensory into the CNA from PNS)
48
Ventral
Efferent (carry motor info from the CNS to PNS)
49
Dorsal root ganglion; part of dorsal root contains....
call bodies of sensory nerve fibres
50
Spinal nerve - dorsal and ventral roots join to form spinal nerve
Spinal nerve is a wired nerve, carries both sensory + motor neurones
51
How many pairs of spinal cords do humans have?
31 pairs

PMP-101 (53 decks)

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