Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Open Transport System Diagram

Answer 1

1. Primary pump - pumps blood
2. Limited blood vessels - helps directional flow
3. Unconnected vessels - blood comes out of vessels into open space (body cavity)
4. Blood movement - blood sloshes around randomly in open space
5. Blood is sucked back into the pump

Question 2

Closed Transport System Diagram

Answer 2

1. Large “vessel” - collects blood for pumping
2. Smaller vessels - moves blood throughout body
3. Tiny vessels - provides surface for “material/gas” exchange with tissues and cells
4. Blood flow

Question 3

Grasshopper

Answer 3

• 1 blood vessel
• slow delivery
• fluid flows freely in body
• anterior vessel, lateral vessels, ostia, tubular heart
• open system

Question 4

Annelids

Answer 4

• blood pumped in 1 loop
• many vessels
• quick movement of gases
• closed

Question 5

Unicellular Organism

Answer 5

• rely on diffusion to obtain necessary nutrients
• no need for blood
• no pump necessary to move nutrients around
• movement of body moves fluids/fluids

Question 6

Multicellular organisms

Answer 6

• complex organisms
• cannot rely on diffusion (not efficient enough to obtain gases, rid waste, transport nutrients)
• transport system necessary (development of cardiovascular system to increase efficiency/needs)
• development of heart to adapt size

Question 7

Basic Components of Circulatory System

Answer 7

1. Heart
2. Blood vessels
3. Blood

Question 8

Types of Circulatory System

Answer 8

• Open Transport System

* Closed Transport System

Question 9

Open Transport System

Answer 9

• Only one blood vessel (primary pump)
• Fluid moves freely back and forth within cavity/body
• Coordinated muscle movement aids circulation
• circulation is relatively slow
• blood bathes the cells directly for gas/nutrient/waste exchange
• slow delivery of materials around the body
• System is best suited for smaller organisms (i.e. Insects)

Question 10

Closed Transport System

Answer 10

• present in organisms that need quick movement of respiratory gases
• blood is pumped arpund the body via blood vessels
• larger vessels: collect blood for pumping
• smaller vessels: distribute blood throughout the body
Tiny vessels (capillaries): provide a greater surface for exchange of materials with cells
• blood circulates in a one way direction and under greater pressure to travel further distances
• Advantageous for organisms with high metabolic rates

Question 11

Frogs

Answer 11

• Left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and skin
• 3-chambered heart
• 2 atria and 1 ventricle
• closed

Question 12

Birds/Mammals

Answer 12

• conplete septum
• septum separates tip of the heart into right and left ventricle
- 4 chambers
- closed