Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards
Basic Circulation of Blood (Basic and Directional Flow)
Basic flow of blood:
body-> heart -> lungs -> heart -> body
Directional flow of blood:
- Deoxygenated blood flows back to the right atria of heart
- When the right atrium fills, it pumps into the right ventricle
- CO2 rich blood pumps from right ventricle to lungs
- Gas exchange at lungs
- O2 rich blood brought back to left atrium through pulmonary veins
- Left atrium fills and pumps into left ventricle
- O2 rich blood pumps from left ventricle to rest of the body through the aorta
Basic Circulation of Blood
- right side heart: deoxygenated blood
- left side heart: oxygenated
- atria: receives blood into heart
- ventricle: pumps blood to body parts
3 Circulation Routes (Systemic Circuit)
- Systemic Circulation
• large circuit
• blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body
3 Circulatory Routes (Pulmonary Circulation)
- Pulmonary Circulation
• shorter circuit
• blood flow from the heart to the lungs
Three Circulatory Routes (Cardiac Circulation)
- Cardiac Circulation
• shortest circuit
• blood flow to the heart to feed O2 to the heart muscles through coronary arteries
Right Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
• drains venous blood from top of body to right atrium
Inferior Vena Cava
• drains venous blood from inferior part of body to right atrium
Right Atrium
• pumps to direct blood to the right ventricle
Right Ventricle
Right Ventricle
• pumps blood to pulmonary arteries
Right AV Valve (tricuspid)
• opens/closes to allow/stop blood from going into right ventricle
• when pressure in the right atrium is higher, valves open
• when pressure in right ventricle is higher, valves close (“lubb”)
Tendinous Cords
• connect the right AV valve to ventricle
• prevents the valve from flipping upwards
Pulmonary Artery
• directs flow of blood to the lungs
Pulmonary Valve (Semilunar) • opens to the pulmonary arteries • closes to prevent blood to flow back from artery into ventricle (“dubb”)
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Veins
• direct oxygenated blood back to the left atrium from the lungs
Left Atrium
• pumps blood to the left ventricle
Left Ventricle
Left AV Valve
• opens/closes to allow/stop blood from going into left ventricle (“lubb”)
Tendinous Cords
• connects the left AV valve to ventricle
• prevents the valve from flipping upwards
Aorta
• the beginning of the vascular system feeding the rest of the body
Aortic Valve (Semilunar) • connects left ventricle to aorta • prevents back flow of blood from aorta into ventricle (“dubb”)
Blood Transport Vessels: Arteries (definition)
- carries blood flow away from the heart
* they continually decrease in size as they continue away from the heart
Blood Transport Vessels
Arteries: Elasticity
- has elastic walls (elastic fibers in outer and middle layers)
- allows for expansion of vessel and will snap back (contraction)
- provide extra force to allow for continual movement of blood flow
Blood Transport Vessels
Arteries: Size and Types
• largest artery = aorta
• smallest arteries = arterioles
- arterioles will branch into capillaries
• as the diameter of the blood vessesls decrease to velocity of blood also decreases
- helps facilitate time for gas exchange
Controlling Blood Flow into Arterioles
• smooth muscle in arterioles allow for increase or decrease in diameter
• Vasodilation: relaxation of muscles, widening diameter
- increases blood flow and helps to cool the body
• Vasoconstriction: contraction of muscles, narrowing diameter
- restricts blood flow and prevents loss of heat
- important because of the limited amount of blood in system
Capillaries
• smallest of the blood vessels
- diameter will force RBCs to flow in single file
• have arterial end and venous end
• single-cell thick
• thin walls allow for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste
• transports blood from arterioles to venules
Blood Transport Vessels: Veins (Description)
- carry blood flow towards the heart
- lack elasticity (lacks ability to contract and push blood forward)
- have valves to prevent backflow
- thinner layer of smooth muscle
