Blood Flashcards

1
Q

White Blood Cells (General Info)

A
  • WBC = leukocytes
  • have nuclei
  • colourless
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2
Q

White Blood Cells (Function)

A
  • Protects body from pathogens (disease-causing agents)

* WBC count increases when fighting an infection

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3
Q

Components of WBC

A

• 2 major cell types:

1) macrophages
2) lymphocytes

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4
Q

Macrophages

A
  • part of body’s innate immune response (every healthy person has this automatically)
  • phagocytic cells
  • pass directly through capillaries
  • engulfs pathogens
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5
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • part of body’s acquired immune response (created response to a virus)
  • 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (thymus gland - kill) and B cells (bone marrow - memory)
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6
Q

B Cells

A
  • causes production of antibodies

* guides the attack on infected cells

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7
Q

T Cells

A
  • cytotoxic T cells: directly attack infected cells

* Helper T cells: activate Cytotoxic T cells, B cells, or macrophages

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8
Q

Platelets

A

General Info:
• fragments of cells broken off from larger cells in the bone marrow

Function:
• play important role in blood clotting
• helps prevent excessive blood loss after injury

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9
Q

Blood Clotting (Vascular & Platelet Phases)

A
  1. Vascular Phase
    • broken blood vessels trigger clotting
    • clotting does not occur otherwise
  2. Platelet Phase
    • platelets gather at site of damage
    • they stick to damaged tissues
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10
Q

Blood Clotting (Coagulation Phase)

A
• platelets rupture and release chemical agents
• chemical agents lead to the following:
-thromboplastin
-prothrombin (inactive enzyme)
-thrombin (active enzyme)
-fibrinogen (soluble)
-fibrin (non-soluble)
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11
Q

What is blood?

A
  • collection of cells that perform vatiety of specialized tasks
  • considered a tissue even though it appears fluid
  • circulation of blood transports/distributes materials
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12
Q

Components of Blood

A
• Plasma 55%
• red blood cells 44%
• white blood cells 1%
• Blood is separated into:
1) Fluid components
2) Cellular components
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13
Q

Fluid Portion of Blood

A
  • fluid portion: Plasma

* made up of water, dissolved gases, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and waste product

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14
Q

Blood Plasma

A
  • the medium ehich carries RBC
  • Contains protein components involved in immune defense, clotting, and maintaining blood volume and pressure
  • transports O2, CO2, H2O, and HCO3
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15
Q

Cellular Components of Blood

A

• The solid portions of blood:

1) RBC (red blood cells)
2) WBC (white blood cells)
3) Platelets

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16
Q

Red Blood Cells: General Info

A
• RBC = Erythrocytes
• Discoid shape
- Increases surface area for gas exchange
- 20-30% more SA than a sphere
• no nuclei
- Increases space for more Hb
• ~4.5-5.5 million RBCs/mL of blood
17
Q

Hemoglobin (Hb)

A
• 1 Hb contains 4 heme groups
- each heme group can bind with one O2 molecule
- O2 binds to the iron on each group
• 1 Hb can carry 4 O2 molecules
• 98% of O2 via Hb
• 2% of O2 molecules

Hb + O2 -> HbO2
Hemoglobin + Oxygen -> Oxyhemoglobin

18
Q

Red Blood Cell: Function

A
  • cells specialized for O2 transport
  • 1 RBC contains 280 million Hb

• Remember:

  • Hb allows easy transport of O2
  • 98% of O2 transportee via Hb