Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Where does the top of the heart sit in the chest ?
It’s is level with the second rib
The heart consists of 3 tissue layers. What are they ?
Endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
Describe the endocardium?
It’s the inner most layer that lines the the hearts chambers ?
What’s so unique about the myocardium?
It’s cells physically resemble skeletal muscles but have electrical properties similar to the smooth muscles
The pericardium consists of two layers. What are they ?
- visceral pericardium is the inner layer. In contact with the heart muscles
- the parietal pericardium is the outer fibrous layer
In the pericardial cavity how much pericardial fluid is there and what does it do ?
25 ml of pericardial fluid. It reduces friction as the heart beats and changes position
What does the atrioventricular valves do and what are the names of the right and left ?
The atrioventricular valves control the blood flow between the atri and the ventricles
- the right is called the tricuspid valve
- the left is called the mitral valve
What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood ?
The pulmonary artery
Why is the left myocardium thicker than the right ?
The intracardiac pressures are higher on left than on the right because the lungs offer less resistance to blood flow than the systemic circulation
Where does the heart get its nutrients from ?
The coronary arteries
What are the two major branches of coronary ?
The anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
Describe diastole?
The first phase of the cardiac cycle. This is where the heart relaxes
What is systole?
The second phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart contracts
Can you describe -chronotropy
- inotropy
- dromotropy ?
- chronotropy is your heart rate
- inotropy is the strength of the cardiac muscular contraction
- dromotropy is the rate of nervous impulse conduction
What are some electrolytes that effect cardiac functions ?
- sodium (Na+)
- calcium (Ca++)
- potassium (K+)
- chloride (Cl-)
- magnesium (Mg++)
