cardiovascular system

Question 1

what is the largest blood vessel in the body?

Answer 1

aorta

Question 2

where does the heart receive oxygenated blood from the body?

Answer 2

right atrium

Question 3

once blood is in the right ventricle, what vessel does it pass through to the lungs where it gets oxygenated?

Answer 3

pulmonary artery

Question 4

from the lung, where does oxygenated blood return through and into?

Answer 4

pulmonary vein into the left atrium

Question 5

from the left ventricle, blood is distributed to the rest of the body through what vessel?

Answer 5

aorta

Question 6

what do the larger veins finally drain into that empties into the right atrium?

Answer 6

vena cava

Question 7

what is the type of vessel that is thick-walled, carry oxygenated blood to tissues (Only exception- pulmonary artery carries unoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs), and contain smooth muscle in their walls?

Answer 7

arteries

Question 8

what is the type of vessel that has thinner walls, carry unoxygenated blood from tissues (only exception-pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart) and have valves to prevent backflow and operate at low pressure?

Answer 8

veins

Question 9

what is the type of vessel that is extremely thin-walled, carry lymph, a clear fluid that drains from the extracellular space. It also has valves. The lymphatic fluid is propelled by the contraction of smooth or skeletal muscle that is found in the area. Lymph ultimately drains into the vena cava.

Answer 9

lymphatics

Question 10

what is the innermost layer of the vessel?

Answer 10

tunica intima

Question 11

what surrounds the tunica intima?

Answer 11

tunica media

Question 12

what is the outermost layer of the vessel?

Answer 12

tunica externa/adventitia

Question 13

what is tunica intima made of?

Answer 13

lining epithelium and c.t.

Question 14

what are blood vessels always lined by?

Answer 14

simple squamous (endothelium)

Question 15

what is the tunica media a mixture of?

Answer 15

smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers

Question 16

true or false: lymph vessels in tunica media are extremely thin

Answer 16

false: they’re non existent

Question 17

what is tunica adventitia made of?

Answer 17

collagen fibers and few fibroblasts

Question 18

what is the purpose of large blood vessels having small nerves associated with tunica adventitia?

Answer 18

provides innervation and nutritional blood supply to the walls of larger vessels

Question 19

what is an example of an elastic artery?

Answer 19

aorta

Question 20

what is an example of muscular artery?

Answer 20

branches that arise from the aorta

Question 21

which capillary has a smooth wall with no interruptions?

Answer 21

continuous

Question 22

what capillary have windows or fenestra in their walls lined by a diaphragm?

Answer 22

fenestrated

Question 23

what capillaries are dilated that line sinuses with large proteins in their walls?

Answer 23

sinusoidal

Question 24

what is flow of valves

Answer 24

tricuspid (right AV) -> pulmonary valve -> bicuspid valve (left AV) -> aortic valve

Question 25

what is the thick membrane that covers the heart?

Answer 25

pericardium

Question 26

which layer of the heart is made of endothelium and subendocardial c.t.?

Answer 26

endocardium

Question 27

which layer of the heart is made of cardiac muscle?

Answer 27

myocardium

Question 28

what layer of the heart is made of serosal epithelium (simple squamous) and underlying c.t. where fat accumulates?

Answer 28

epicardium

Question 29

where does the intrinsic rhythm of the heart arise from?

Answer 29

sinoatrial node

Question 30

From the sinoatrial node, impulses travel through the atrial wall to the _________

Answer 30

AV node

Question 31

From the AV node impulses spread through the interventricular septum in the _______________ and divide into the 2 ventricles

Answer 31

Bundle of His

Question 32

what are the fibers of the conducting system that are modified cardiomyocytes?

Answer 32

purkinje fibers