cardiovascular system Flashcards
what is the largest blood vessel in the body?
aorta
where does the heart receive oxygenated blood from the body?
right atrium
once blood is in the right ventricle, what vessel does it pass through to the lungs where it gets oxygenated?
pulmonary artery
from the lung, where does oxygenated blood return through and into?
pulmonary vein into the left atrium
from the left ventricle, blood is distributed to the rest of the body through what vessel?
aorta
what do the larger veins finally drain into that empties into the right atrium?
vena cava
what is the type of vessel that is thick-walled, carry oxygenated blood to tissues (Only exception- pulmonary artery carries unoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs), and contain smooth muscle in their walls?
arteries
what is the type of vessel that has thinner walls, carry unoxygenated blood from tissues (only exception-pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart) and have valves to prevent backflow and operate at low pressure?
veins
what is the type of vessel that is extremely thin-walled, carry lymph, a clear fluid that drains from the extracellular space. It also has valves. The lymphatic fluid is propelled by the contraction of smooth or skeletal muscle that is found in the area. Lymph ultimately drains into the vena cava.
lymphatics
what is the innermost layer of the vessel?
tunica intima
what surrounds the tunica intima?
tunica media
what is the outermost layer of the vessel?
tunica externa/adventitia
what is tunica intima made of?
lining epithelium and c.t.
what are blood vessels always lined by?
simple squamous (endothelium)
what is the tunica media a mixture of?
smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers
true or false: lymph vessels in tunica media are extremely thin
false: they’re non existent
what is tunica adventitia made of?
collagen fibers and few fibroblasts
what is the purpose of large blood vessels having small nerves associated with tunica adventitia?
provides innervation and nutritional blood supply to the walls of larger vessels
what is an example of an elastic artery?
aorta
what is an example of muscular artery?
branches that arise from the aorta
which capillary has a smooth wall with no interruptions?
continuous
what capillary have windows or fenestra in their walls lined by a diaphragm?
fenestrated
what capillaries are dilated that line sinuses with large proteins in their walls?
sinusoidal
what is flow of valves
tricuspid (right AV) -> pulmonary valve -> bicuspid valve (left AV) -> aortic valve
what is the thick membrane that covers the heart?
pericardium
which layer of the heart is made of endothelium and subendocardial c.t.?
endocardium
which layer of the heart is made of cardiac muscle?
myocardium
what layer of the heart is made of serosal epithelium (simple squamous) and underlying c.t. where fat accumulates?
epicardium
where does the intrinsic rhythm of the heart arise from?
sinoatrial node
From the sinoatrial node, impulses travel through the atrial wall to the _________
AV node
From the AV node impulses spread through the interventricular septum in the _______________ and divide into the 2 ventricles
Bundle of His
what are the fibers of the conducting system that are modified cardiomyocytes?
purkinje fibers
