blood and epithelia Flashcards
true or false: blood is not a type of c.t.
false
what does blood transport?
oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, elctrolytes, nutrients, and water
describe erythrocytes in mammals
- disc shaped and biconcave
- lack nucleus
- red and carries hemoglobin
what is hemoglobin?
iron containing protein essential for transporting oxygen and CO2 to and from tissues
true or false: in non-mammalian species, RBCs are nucleated
true
what is the shape of RBCs in camels?
oval
what do RBCs look like in horses?
rouleaux formation
where are RBCs produced?
bone marrow
how long do RBCs live?
120 days
where is iron recycled?
spleen
what do RBCs measure in diameter?
10µm
what are immature RBCs called?
reticulocytes
what do WBCs play a role in?
inflammation and immunity
When blood is centrifuged, WBCs collect on the top of RBCs and form a thin layer called
buffy coat
what are the granules in granulocytes?
lysosomes and enzymes
what are the three types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
which granulocyte is the most abundant and has a segmented nucelus?
neutrophils
which granulocyte increases during allergic reaction or parasitic infections?
eosinophils
which granulocyte is larger and has a lobed nucleus?
basophils
what are the two types of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes and monocytes
which agranulocyte is the most abundant, nucleus makes up the whole cell and increases during chronic inflammation?
lymphocyte
which agranulocytes is the largest of the WBCs, has a kidney shaped nucleus, and is the precursor of macrophages that scavenge bacteria, tissue debris etc.?
monocyte
what are fragments of megakaryocytes and play an important role in blood clotting?
platelets
what is the liquid component of blood?
plasma
how can plasma be extracted from blood?
adding anti-coagulant
how can serum be extracted?
blood is clotted and centrifuged
what is the difference between serum and plasma?
serum lacks clotting factors
where is lymph produced?
extracellular space of various tissues
true or false: lymph mixes with blood before it returns to the heart
true
epithelia lies on top of a basement membrane made of which collagen fibers to form a mesh?
type IV
list functions of epithelia
protection, secretion, absorption, sensing, generation of gametes
what are the two basic types of epithelia?
simple and stratified
true or false: in simple epithelium, all the cells that form the epithelium touch the basement membrane
true
describe simple squamous epithelium
single layer of squamous cells on top of the basement membrane
what is simple squamous called when found inside blood and lymph vessels?
endothelium
what is simple squamous called when found covering body cavities and organs inside body cavities?
mesothelium
describe simple cuboidal
single layer of cuboidal cells on top of the basement membrane
where is simple cuboidal found?
lining small ducts
describe simple columnar
single layer of columnar cells on top of the basement membrane
where is simple columnar found?
lining stomach, intestines, gall bladder
describe pseudostratified epithelium
cells of different shapes and height and their nuclei do not appear in a row, cells look stratified, cilia on top
where is pseudostratified epithelium found?
respiratory and reproductive tracts
where is transitional epithelium found?
urinary tract
what is the purpose of transitional epithelium?
prevents urine reabsorption, capable of stretching
what is the characteristic of stratified epithelium?
layered
where is stratified squamous found?
surface of skin and external orifices
what are the 5 layers of stratified squamous?
- basale
- spinosum
- granulosum
- lucidum
- corneum
what are the cells that make up stratified squamous?
keratinocytes
what is the protective layer on the surface made of keratin?
stratum corneum
