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histology > blood and epithelia > Flashcards

blood and epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: blood is not a type of c.t.

A

false

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2
Q

what does blood transport?

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, elctrolytes, nutrients, and water

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3
Q

describe erythrocytes in mammals

A
  • disc shaped and biconcave
  • lack nucleus
  • red and carries hemoglobin
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4
Q

what is hemoglobin?

A

iron containing protein essential for transporting oxygen and CO2 to and from tissues

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5
Q

true or false: in non-mammalian species, RBCs are nucleated

A

true

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6
Q

what is the shape of RBCs in camels?

A

oval

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7
Q

what do RBCs look like in horses?

A

rouleaux formation

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8
Q

where are RBCs produced?

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

how long do RBCs live?

A

120 days

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10
Q

where is iron recycled?

A

spleen

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11
Q

what do RBCs measure in diameter?

A

10µm

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12
Q

what are immature RBCs called?

A

reticulocytes

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13
Q

what do WBCs play a role in?

A

inflammation and immunity

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14
Q

When blood is centrifuged, WBCs collect on the top of RBCs and form a thin layer called

A

buffy coat

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15
Q

what are the granules in granulocytes?

A

lysosomes and enzymes

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16
Q

what are the three types of granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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17
Q

which granulocyte is the most abundant and has a segmented nucelus?

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

which granulocyte increases during allergic reaction or parasitic infections?

A

eosinophils

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19
Q

which granulocyte is larger and has a lobed nucleus?

A

basophils

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20
Q

what are the two types of agranulocytes?

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

21
Q

which agranulocyte is the most abundant, nucleus makes up the whole cell and increases during chronic inflammation?

A

lymphocyte

22
Q

which agranulocytes is the largest of the WBCs, has a kidney shaped nucleus, and is the precursor of macrophages that scavenge bacteria, tissue debris etc.?

A

monocyte

23
Q

what are fragments of megakaryocytes and play an important role in blood clotting?

A

platelets

24
Q

what is the liquid component of blood?

A

plasma

25
Q

how can plasma be extracted from blood?

A

adding anti-coagulant

26
Q

how can serum be extracted?

A

blood is clotted and centrifuged

27
Q

what is the difference between serum and plasma?

A

serum lacks clotting factors

28
Q

where is lymph produced?

A

extracellular space of various tissues

29
Q

true or false: lymph mixes with blood before it returns to the heart

A

true

30
Q

epithelia lies on top of a basement membrane made of which collagen fibers to form a mesh?

A

type IV

31
Q

list functions of epithelia

A

protection, secretion, absorption, sensing, generation of gametes

32
Q

what are the two basic types of epithelia?

A

simple and stratified

33
Q

true or false: in simple epithelium, all the cells that form the epithelium touch the basement membrane

A

true

34
Q

describe simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of squamous cells on top of the basement membrane

35
Q

what is simple squamous called when found inside blood and lymph vessels?

A

endothelium

36
Q

what is simple squamous called when found covering body cavities and organs inside body cavities?

A

mesothelium

37
Q

describe simple cuboidal

A

single layer of cuboidal cells on top of the basement membrane

38
Q

where is simple cuboidal found?

A

lining small ducts

39
Q

describe simple columnar

A

single layer of columnar cells on top of the basement membrane

40
Q

where is simple columnar found?

A

lining stomach, intestines, gall bladder

41
Q

describe pseudostratified epithelium

A

cells of different shapes and height and their nuclei do not appear in a row, cells look stratified, cilia on top

42
Q

where is pseudostratified epithelium found?

A

respiratory and reproductive tracts

43
Q

where is transitional epithelium found?

A

urinary tract

44
Q

what is the purpose of transitional epithelium?

A

prevents urine reabsorption, capable of stretching

45
Q

what is the characteristic of stratified epithelium?

A

layered

46
Q

where is stratified squamous found?

A

surface of skin and external orifices

47
Q

what are the 5 layers of stratified squamous?

A
  1. basale
  2. spinosum
  3. granulosum
  4. lucidum
  5. corneum
48
Q

what are the cells that make up stratified squamous?

A

keratinocytes

49
Q

what is the protective layer on the surface made of keratin?

A

stratum corneum

histology (10 decks)

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