cardiovascular problems 1

Question 1

HR (heart rate) X SV (stroke volume) X PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) equals?

Answer 1

blood pressure

Question 2

Target organ damage to brain?

Answer 2

Stroke, vascular (multi-infarct) dementia

Question 3

Target organ damage to cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

Atherosclerosis, MI, LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, heart failure

Question 4

Target organ damage to Kidney?

Answer 4

Hypertensive nephropathy, renal failure

Question 5

Target organ damage to eye?

Answer 5

hypertensive retinopathy with risk of blindness

The only place we can visualize blood vessels

Question 6

Low grade (1-2) hypertensive retinopathy is characterized by narrowing of the arterioles and?

Answer 6

No change in vision or permanent findings

Question 7

high grade (3-4) hypertensive retinopathy is seen with DBP 110-130 respectively and implies what?

Answer 7

HTN emergency

Question 8

Goal BP

Answer 8

<130/80 (140/90 for JNC)

Question 9

First-line Anti-hypertensive agents?

Answer 9

Thiazide diuretucs
CCB
ACE or ARB

Question 10

Pre-hypertension?

Answer 10

120-129/<80

Question 11

Stage 1 HTN

Answer 11

130-140/80-90

Question 12

STage 2 HTN

Answer 12

> 140/>90