cardiovascular 2

Question 1

What is the best lifestyle modifier for HTN?

Answer 1

weightloss to maintain normal BMI 18.5-25

Question 2

Alcohol recommendation for HTN?

Answer 2

men 2 or less

women 1 or less

Question 3

Thiazide diuretic precaution?

Answer 3

NA+, K+, Mg ++ depleting

Question 4

Positive attribute to thiazide diuretic?

Answer 4

calcium sparing, so preferred in women at risk for osteoporosis

Question 5

Is HCTZ or Chlorthalidone preferred?

Answer 5

Chlorthalidone because it is more potent

Question 6

The only class of medications that do NOT work on PVR (peripheral vascular resistance)

Answer 6

Beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers) lols

not a first-line medication

Question 7

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) end in (Pril), name the two most common side effects?

Answer 7

cough and hyperkalemia especially with dehydration

Question 8

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs sartans) side effects?

Answer 8

also K+ sparing so monitor for hyperkalemia

less chance of cough

Question 9

ACEIs and black, latino, or nsaid allergy?

Answer 9

black box warning for angioedema

Question 10

CCB- calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridine amlodipine)
Non-dihydropyridine (diltiazem)
side effect

Answer 10

ankle edema-this is caused by venous vasodilation

Question 11

what patients are considered stage A HF

Answer 11

these pt are at risk but do not have symptoms or structural changes to the heart
HTN
Atherosclerotic disease
DM
obesity
metabolic syndrome

USE an ACE/ARB and statin if appropriate

Question 12

what patients are considered stage B HF?

Answer 12

there is evidence of structural heart disease but they remain sx free
hx of previous MI
LV remodeling
asymptomatic valve disease
use a beta-blocker to decrease sudden cardiac death
Co manage with cardiology