Cardiovascular Drug Classes Flashcards
Lowers LDL and increases HDL
Nicotinic acid products
Cholesterol
Traps cholesterol in the GI tract and excretes through feces; may lead to constipation (2)
Bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Cholesterol
Lowers triglycerides and LDL by preventing their formation in the liver (3)
Fibrates, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins), PCSK9 inhibitors
Cholesterol
Lowers triglycerides and increases HDL by maintaining cholesterol levels; may cause reactions with shellfish or fish allergies
Fish oils
Cholesterol
The seven drug classes that mainly treat cholesterol
Nicotinic acid products
Bile acid sequensrants
Fibrates
Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)
PCSK9 inhibitors
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Fish oils
Works in a specific area of the kidneys to expel salts (Na and K) and fluid to lower BP and swelling
Thiazide diuretics
Hypertension and edema
The three types of diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
Loop diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Hypertension, edema, and heart failure
Quick and effective in expelling salts and fluids, typically used for severe hypertension
Loop diuretics
Hypertension, edema
Helps release excess salts and fluid, but not potassium; can cause hyperkalemia if used with potassium-containing products
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Heart failure, can treat edema and hypertension
This diuretic class is mostly used for heart failure
Potassium-sparing
Widens arteries for better blood flow (4)
ACE inhibitors, Alpha-2 Agonists, Vasodilators, Calcium Channel Blockers
Hypertension
Slows heart rate and relaxes heart muscle to prevent further damage (2)
Beta-blockers and some Calcium Channel Blockers
Allows heart muscles to beat more efficiently
Cardiac Glycosides
Arrhythmia
Tightens veins and arteries to strengthen blood flow, increases blood pressure
Vasopressors
Heart failure, hypotension, Arrhythmia
Classes that treat hypertension (7)
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Alpha-2 Agonists
Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Blockers
Beta-blockers
Diuretics
Regulates heart cells to the correct rhythm
Antiarrhythmics
Arrhythmia
Dilates arteries in the heart to increase blood flow to the heart muscle
Nitrates
Arrhythmia, angina
Treats arrhythmia
Anti-arrhythmics and heart failure meds
Treats high blood pressure
Anti-hypertensives
Drug classes that treat Arrhythmia and heart failure (4)
Cardiac glycosides, vasopressors, antiarrhythmics, nitrates
Blocks specific actions in red blood cells to prevent the thickening of blood; can cause longer and more severe bleeding (4)
Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs), Heparins, Low-Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs), Vitamin K Antagonists
Blocks specific receptors on platelets to prevent and treat clots
Antiplatelets
Breaks down blood clots by affecting the stability
Thrombolytics
Classes that treat thrombosis (6)
DOACs
Heparins
Low-Molecular Weight Heparins
Vitamin K antagonists
Antiplatelets
Thrombolytics
Drug category that prevents and treats blood clots
Anti-thrombotics
All type of CV meds (6)
Anti-hypertensives
Anti-thrombotics
Anti-arrhythmics
Heart failure meds
Cholesterol meds
Diuretics
Healthy BP range
90/60 to 120/80
Drug classes that work directly on the arteries and veins (6 classes, 2 groups)
ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, Alpha-2 Agonists, Vasodilators, and Calcium Channel Blockers (anti-hypertensives)
Vasopressors and nitrates (anti-arrhythmics)
Drug class that works directly on the kidneys
Diuretics (thiazide, loop, and potassium-sparing)
Drug classes that work directly on the heart (4 classes, 2 groups)
Beta-blockers and some Calcium Channel Blockers (anti-hypertensives)
Cardiac glycosides and other anti-arrhythmics (anti-arrhythmics)
Drug group that works directly on blood cells and clots
Anti-thrombotics
