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BMSC 207 > Cardiovascular 7 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular 7 Flashcards

1
Q

MAP is the driving force

A

For blood flow
-balance between blood flow into and out of arteries

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2
Q

Mean arterial pressure is proportional to

A

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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3
Q

If cardiac output increases and peripheral resistance doesn’t, then blood is pumped

A

Into arteries faster than it is removed
Means ^ volume in arteries, ^ MAP

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4
Q

MAP influenced by: (4)

A

Blood volume
Cardiac Output
Resistance of system to blood flow
Relative distribution of blood between arterial and venous blood vessels

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5
Q

Arteries are:

A

Low volume vessels
-contain about 11% of total blood volume (of the 5L)

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6
Q

Veins are:

A

High volume vessels and hold around 60% of circulating blood volume (of the 5L)
-act as volume reservoir, can constrict if blood needs to shift

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7
Q

Small changes in volume occur from

A

Ingestion of food and liquids
-primarily resolved by kidneys
(Increased urination gets rid of excess fluids, lowers pressures)

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8
Q

Decreases in blood volume require what response

A

Integrated response fro kidneys, CV system (increased sympathetic output), and ingestion of fluid

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9
Q

Resistance of flow is highest in the

A

Arterioles

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10
Q

Total resistance depends on:

A

Radius of each vessel, length of each vessel, how they are arranged (series, parallel)

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11
Q

Local Control of Arteriolar resistance

A

Matches blood tissue blood flow to the metabolic needs of tissue
-heart and skeletal, these controls take power over reflex control from CNS

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12
Q

Arteriolar Resistance is influenced by both local and systemic control mechanisms that do what

A

They both alter the vascular smooth muscle, changing the radius of vessels, influencing resistance

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13
Q

Resistance is proportional to

A

1/ radius ^4

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14
Q

Sympathetic reflexes

A

Mediated by CNS
-maintain MAP
-govern blood distribution for homeostastic needs, like tempurature

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15
Q

Hormones

A

Regulate salt and water excretion by kidneys
-influence blood pressure by acting on articles

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16
Q

Myogenic Autoregulation

A

^ tension, ^ blood flow to other arteries
-contraction in response to stretch of vascular smooth muscle

17
Q

Paracrines alter smooth muscle how

A

They are released from target tissue or endothelial cells that affect specific muscle nearby

18
Q

Metabolism related paracrines

A

Decrease O2, increase CO2, NO, H+, lactate, adenosine

19
Q

Non metabolism paracrines

A

Kinins, histamine, serotonin

20
Q

Main determinant of resistance in the majority of arterioles is

A

The sympathetic nervous system -50% about
-innervate articles, topically control arterial diameter

21
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors do what

A

Activated/ deactivated by norepinephrine
Activated: constrict vessels
Deactivated: Dialation of vessel

22
Q

Secondary sympathetic control of vascular smooth muscle uses

A

Epinephrine from adrenal medulla
-low affinity for alpha1 for vasoconstriction, but a high affinity for B2 adrenergic receptors which lead to VASODILATION

23
Q

Muscles have more kind of what receptor

A

More beta receptors than alpha

24
Q

GI Tract has more of what kind of receptors

A

More alpha recceptors than beta

25
Q

Norepinephrine to a alpha 1 receptor causes

A

The blood vessel to constrict

26
Q

Factors Influencing Peripheral Blood Flow: (2)

A

Pressure gradient and Resistance to Flow

27
Q

Skeletal muscle recieves what % of Q at rest

A

About 20%, but can increase to as high as 85% during strenuous exercise

28
Q

At rest, regional amount of blood flow depends on:

A

The number and size of arteries feeding the organ

29
Q

Total blood flow through all the arterioles equals

A

Cardiac Output
Flow (arteriole) is proportional to 1/ R (arteriole)

30
Q

Blood is diverted away from high resistance arterioles to

A

Low resistance arterioles
-takes the path of least resistance

31
Q

Main Integrating centre

A

Medullary Cardiovascular Control Centre
-ensures adequate blood flow to the brain and heart by maintaining sufficient MAP

32
Q

CVVC recieves input from sensory receptors and other brain regions to:

A

Specifically alter function in some organs or tissues

BMSC 207 (15 decks)

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