Cardiovascular 1 Flashcards
What is contraction of smooth muscle initiated by
Depolarization of APs (initiated or spontaneous), and graded potential
-activated by stretch ligands which sense the stretch
What does a unicellular organism do
Allows each cell to undergo transport with the external environment
An increase in distance of a vessel means
Diffusion will go down
The CV system provides a concentration gradient…
From the blood to cells for nutrients and in the opposite direction for waste
Primary role of the circulatory system
The distribution of dissolved gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair, while at the same time removing cellular wastes
3 Basic functional parts of a circulatory system
- Heart
- Blood
- Capillaries
Secondary roles of the Circulatory System (3)
- Chemical signalling to cells my means of circulating hormones or neurohormones
- Dissipation of heat by delivering heat from the core to the surface body (homeostasis)
- Mediation of inflammatory and host defense responses against invading microorganisms
Transport in the circulatory system has 3 types:
- Materials entering the body
- Materials moved from cell to cell
- Materials leaving the body
The heart is a what pump
Dual pump
-drives blood in 2 circuits
(Pulmonary and Systemic)
Breakdown of the Pulmonary circuit of the heart
Deoxygenated blood to lungs
-powered by right ventricle
Breakdown of the Systemic circuit of the heart
Oxygenated blood -throughout the body
-powered by the left ventricle
Vasculature is
Arteries and veins
Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
-oxygenated except for pulmonary rate
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
-0all deoxygenated except pulmonary vein
Valves ensure
One way movement/ flow of blood
Notable circulations within systemic circuit
Coronary circuit
Digestive tract/ liver portal system -capillaries feed into portal vein -receives oxygenated blood, alters nutrients and is a major detox for the body
Kidney portal system
Portal systems are different because
They have hormones and 2 capillary beds in series with one another
Right atrium receives blood from the
Sup/ Inf Vena cavas
Right atrium sends blood to
The right ventricle through the tricuspid / right AV valve
Right ventricle receives blood from
The right atrium through the tricuspid/ right AV valve
Right ventricle sends blood to the
Lungs through the pulmonary semi lunar valve into the pulmonary artery
Left atrium receives blood from the
Lungs through the pulmonary vein
Left atrium sends blood to the
Left ventricle through the bicuspid/ mitral/ left AV valve
Left ventricle recieves blood from the
Left atrium through the bicuspid/ mitral/ left AV valve
Left ventricle sends blood to
The body through the aortic semi lunar valve into the aorta, out to the body
The Sup/ Inf vena cavas receive blood from the
Systemic veins
The sup/ Inf vena cavas sends blood to the
Right atrium
Pulmonary artery recieves blood from
The right ventricle through the pulmonary semi lunar valve
Pulmonary artery sends blood to the
Lungs
Pulmonary vein receives blood from the
Veins of the lungs
Pulmonary vein sends blood to the
Left atrium
The aorta receives blood from the
Left ventricle through the aortic semi lunar valve
Aorta sends blood to
The systemic arteries
Liquids and gases flow how
Down the pressure gradient
-from regions of high pressure to regions of lower pressure
The initial region of high pressure in the CV system is created by
Contraction of the heart
Because of contraction, blood flows out of the high pressure region into
The lower pressure vessels
As blood flows through the vessels, pressure is
Lost/ less
-due to friction created between blood and the vessel walls
Blood pressure is highest in the
Aorta (closest to the heart)
Blood pressure is lowest in the
Vena cavas (furthest vessels from the heart sending blood out)
Driving Pressure
The walls of the fluid filled ventricles contract, increasing the pressure of the blood within the ventricles
-causes high pressure
When the heart muscles relax and expand, the pressure exerted by the blood within the ventricles will
Decrease
Vessels have the ability to
Constrict or dialate
-affects blood pressure
-vasoconstriction and vasodilation
The flow of blood in a tube is directly proportional to the
The pressure gradient at each end of the tube, not the absolute pressure
