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BMSC 207 > Cardiovascular 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is contraction of smooth muscle initiated by

A

Depolarization of APs (initiated or spontaneous), and graded potential
-activated by stretch ligands which sense the stretch

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2
Q

What does a unicellular organism do

A

Allows each cell to undergo transport with the external environment

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3
Q

An increase in distance of a vessel means

A

Diffusion will go down

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4
Q

The CV system provides a concentration gradient…

A

From the blood to cells for nutrients and in the opposite direction for waste

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5
Q

Primary role of the circulatory system

A

The distribution of dissolved gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair, while at the same time removing cellular wastes

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6
Q

3 Basic functional parts of a circulatory system

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood
  3. Capillaries
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7
Q

Secondary roles of the Circulatory System (3)

A
  1. Chemical signalling to cells my means of circulating hormones or neurohormones
  2. Dissipation of heat by delivering heat from the core to the surface body (homeostasis)
  3. Mediation of inflammatory and host defense responses against invading microorganisms
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8
Q

Transport in the circulatory system has 3 types:

A
  1. Materials entering the body
  2. Materials moved from cell to cell
  3. Materials leaving the body
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9
Q

The heart is a what pump

A

Dual pump
-drives blood in 2 circuits
(Pulmonary and Systemic)

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10
Q

Breakdown of the Pulmonary circuit of the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood to lungs
-powered by right ventricle

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11
Q

Breakdown of the Systemic circuit of the heart

A

Oxygenated blood -throughout the body
-powered by the left ventricle

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12
Q

Vasculature is

A

Arteries and veins

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13
Q

Arteries

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
-oxygenated except for pulmonary rate

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14
Q

Veins

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
-0all deoxygenated except pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Valves ensure

A

One way movement/ flow of blood

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16
Q

Notable circulations within systemic circuit

A

Coronary circuit
Digestive tract/ liver portal system -capillaries feed into portal vein -receives oxygenated blood, alters nutrients and is a major detox for the body
Kidney portal system

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17
Q

Portal systems are different because

A

They have hormones and 2 capillary beds in series with one another

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18
Q

Right atrium receives blood from the

A

Sup/ Inf Vena cavas

19
Q

Right atrium sends blood to

A

The right ventricle through the tricuspid / right AV valve

20
Q

Right ventricle receives blood from

A

The right atrium through the tricuspid/ right AV valve

21
Q

Right ventricle sends blood to the

A

Lungs through the pulmonary semi lunar valve into the pulmonary artery

22
Q

Left atrium receives blood from the

A

Lungs through the pulmonary vein

23
Q

Left atrium sends blood to the

A

Left ventricle through the bicuspid/ mitral/ left AV valve

24
Q

Left ventricle recieves blood from the

A

Left atrium through the bicuspid/ mitral/ left AV valve

25
Q

Left ventricle sends blood to

A

The body through the aortic semi lunar valve into the aorta, out to the body

26
Q

The Sup/ Inf vena cavas receive blood from the

A

Systemic veins

27
Q

The sup/ Inf vena cavas sends blood to the

A

Right atrium

28
Q

Pulmonary artery recieves blood from

A

The right ventricle through the pulmonary semi lunar valve

29
Q

Pulmonary artery sends blood to the

A

Lungs

30
Q

Pulmonary vein receives blood from the

A

Veins of the lungs

31
Q

Pulmonary vein sends blood to the

A

Left atrium

32
Q

The aorta receives blood from the

A

Left ventricle through the aortic semi lunar valve

33
Q

Aorta sends blood to

A

The systemic arteries

34
Q

Liquids and gases flow how

A

Down the pressure gradient
-from regions of high pressure to regions of lower pressure

35
Q

The initial region of high pressure in the CV system is created by

A

Contraction of the heart

36
Q

Because of contraction, blood flows out of the high pressure region into

A

The lower pressure vessels

37
Q

As blood flows through the vessels, pressure is

A

Lost/ less
-due to friction created between blood and the vessel walls

38
Q

Blood pressure is highest in the

A

Aorta (closest to the heart)

39
Q

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A

Vena cavas (furthest vessels from the heart sending blood out)

40
Q

Driving Pressure

A

The walls of the fluid filled ventricles contract, increasing the pressure of the blood within the ventricles
-causes high pressure

41
Q

When the heart muscles relax and expand, the pressure exerted by the blood within the ventricles will

A

Decrease

42
Q

Vessels have the ability to

A

Constrict or dialate
-affects blood pressure
-vasoconstriction and vasodilation

43
Q

The flow of blood in a tube is directly proportional to the

A

The pressure gradient at each end of the tube, not the absolute pressure

BMSC 207 (15 decks)

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