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BMSC 207 > Blood 1 > Flashcards

Blood 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is :

A

A connective tissue composed of cellular elements suspended in an extensive fluid matrix that circulates the CV system

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2
Q

Plasma proteins are the primary difference between

A

Plasma and the interstitial fluid

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3
Q

erythrocytes are

A

Red blood cells
-have a lot of them

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4
Q

Leukocytes are

A

White blood cells
-low amount of them
-includes lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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5
Q

Thrombocytes are

A

Platelets
-low amount

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6
Q

Total blood Volume:

A

Around 7-8% of total body weight, about 4-5L
70mL/ 1kg females, 80mL/kg males

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7
Q

Hematocrit

A

40-45% of blood volume
-fraction of the total column occupied by RBCs

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8
Q

Buffy Coat

A

WBCs and platelets
<1%

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9
Q

Plasma

A

55-60%
-pale white solution of electrolytes, plasma proteins, CHOs, lipids

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10
Q

Difference in RBCs between male and female is due to

A

Males have more testosterone which stimulates RBC production and carries more hemoglobin which the iron in it attaches and carries more O2

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11
Q

Hematopoieses

A

Production of blood cells
-happens in bone marrow in pelvis, spine, ribs cranium, proximal ends of long bones
-begins with hematopoietic stem cell (produces)
-lineage development guided by cytokines (cell signalling molecules)

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12
Q

Cytokines

A

Proteins or peptides released from one cell that affect growth or activity in another cell
-guides hematopoiesis

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13
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

RBC production
-by Erythropoietin in kidney cells
-stimulated by low oxygen

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14
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Leukocyte (WBC) production
-by Colony- stimulating Factors inn endothelium, fibroblasts of bone marrow, leukocytes
-all types of blood cells, mobilizes hematopoietic cells

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15
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

Thrombocyte (platelet) production
-driven by thrombopoietin in the liver
-influences megakaryocytes (platelets)

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16
Q

RBCs/ Eryhtrocytes are the most

A

Abundant cell type in blood
-about a 4 month lifespan
-distinctive shape increases surface to volume ratio, decreases diffusion distance

17
Q

RBCs Three Major Tasks:

A
  1. Carrying O2 from lungs to systemic tissue
  2. Carrying CO2 from tissues to lungs
  3. Assisting in the buffering of acids and bases
18
Q

The disk shape of RBCs allow them to

A

Squeeze through capillaries
Respond to osmotic changes
Provide evidence of disease

19
Q

RBCs mainly consist of

A

Hemoglobin
-the O2 transport proteins
-about 96%of dry weight
-other 4% of RBCs are cytoskeleton proteins and transmembrane proteins

20
Q

Globin proteins:

A

Most are alpha and beta
-fetus is alpha gamma
Delta

21
Q

70% of what in the body is found in heme groups of hemoglobin

A

Iron!
-each heme group can bind one O2 molecule, so each hemoglobin having 4 heme groups can carry 4 O2

22
Q

WBCs (leukocytes) defend against

A

Infections

23
Q

WBCS are grouped into 2 major groups

A

Granulocytes
Non-granule containing lymphocytes and monocytes

24
Q

Granulocytes

A

Contain cytoplasmic granules -little vesicles that are visible under microscope
-contain substances or lysosomes
-brief lifespan in blood, <12 hours, but if activated can migrate into tissues for longer time

25
Q

Granulocytes 3 Classes: Neutrophil

A
  1. Neutrophil: most abundant, granules with lysosomal enzymes capable of digesting foreign material (phagocytosis), then broken down by lysosomes
26
Q

Granulocytes 3 classes: Eosinophil

A
  1. Eosinophil: granules contain major basic protein (MBP)- toxic to parasites and other enzymes
    -important in response to virus’s and in allergic reactions (exocytosis)
27
Q

Granulocytes 3 classes: Basophil

A

Basophil: least common -granules contain histamine, heparin, and proxidase -play a role in allergic reactions

28
Q

Non Granule Containing Lymphocytes and Monocytes 2 groups:

A

Lymphocytes: 2nd most abundant after erythrocytes :t-lympho and b-lympho for adaptive immunity

Monocytes: spend life in peripheral tissues developing into macrophages to: Phagocytosis of pathogens or cellular debris, and Present antigens to lymphocytes

29
Q

T- Lymphocytes (T-Cells) responsible for:

A

70-80% of all lymphocytes and for cell mediated immunity
-doesn’t involve antibodies

30
Q

B- Lymphocytes (B-Cells) responsible for:

A

Humoral immunity
-make antibodies to antigens
-antibodies neutralize or delete them

BMSC 207 (15 decks)

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