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BMSC 207 > Cardiovascular 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Flow is inversely..

A

proportional to resistance
-increase in flow, resistance is less
-vice versa

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2
Q

Flow is directly…

A

Proportional to the 4th power of the vessel radius
-increase radius = decrease resistance, increase flow
Resistance=1/radius to the 4th power

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3
Q

Flow equation

A

F= 1/ resistance

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4
Q

What is considered the most important factor regarding changes in resistance?

A

Vessel radius

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5
Q

Flow is inversely proportional to

A

Both the length of the vessel and viscosity of the liquid
-tube longer and thicker (more viscous) blood
=reducce flow rate

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6
Q

To have the highest possible flow rate

A

Have a short, large radius tube with low viscosity blood

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7
Q

To have the lowest possible flow rate

A

Have a long, small radius tube with very viscous (thick) blood

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8
Q

The volume of blood that passes a given point in the system per unit of time (L/min) or mL/ min) is

A

Flow

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9
Q

Velocity of blood depends on

A

The flow rate and the cross sectional area

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10
Q

Velocity of Flow

A

How fast blood flows past a certain point
V= Flow rate / cross sectional area

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11
Q

With an equal flow rate:

A

The velocity of blood is more rapid in narrow sections of vessel

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12
Q

Heart

A

-about size of a fist
-located in the center of thoracic cavity
-apex (bottom), base (top)
-apex angles slightly downward to the left of the body

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13
Q

Pericardium around the heart

A

A tough membranous sac that encases the heart, sandwiches it

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14
Q

What is Pericardium

A

-a double walled sac filled with a thin layer of clear pericardial fluid
-lubricates the external surface of the heart as it beats within the sac
-this allows the heart to move without friction

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15
Q

The heart is composed mostly of

A

Myocardium (cardiac muscle) covered by thin inner and outer layers of epithelium and connective tissue

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16
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Right side: Tricuspid
Left side: Bicuspid
-allow flow from atria into ventricles
-attached to papillary muscle in each ventricle by chordate tendinaea

17
Q

Right atrium to Right ventricle:

A

Tricuspid valve (3 flaps)
RST
-right side tricuspid

18
Q

Left atrium to Left ventricle:

A

Mitral/ Bicuspid valve (2 flaps)

19
Q

Anatomy of AV valves

A

-attached to a papillary muscle in each ventricle by chordate tenineae
-blood trying to flow back into atria catches the flaps, closing them shut
-blasting prevented by muscles so flaps don’t allow blood to flow backwards
-these muscles only supply stability to the valves and are not able to open them

20
Q

Heart valves

A

Semilunar valves
-one way valves that exist between the ventricle and the outflow artery
-3 cup like leaflets
-don’t need connective tendons due to the shape of them
-the lunar structure allows them to fit together tightly, not allowing blood to come back

21
Q

Left Ventricle to the Aorta

A

Aortic semi lunar valve

22
Q

Right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary semi-lunar valve

23
Q

During ventricular contraction, AV valves…

A

Remain closed to prevent blood flow backward into the atria

24
Q

The valves open/close due to

A

Pressure gradient in ventricular contraction
Ex) pressure inn LV higher than aorta, that’s why valve opens
-same with the atrium to the ventricle valves (av)

25
Q

Valves during ventricular relaxation

A

Semi lunar valves prevent blood that has entered the arteries from flowing back into the ventricle during relaxation

26
Q

Atrioventricular Ring

A

Ring of connective tissue that is dense and connected to each other
-attachment point for muscle
-insertion and origin of cardiac muscle attaches here
-contraction pulls atria down towards the ring, ventricles are pulled up

27
Q

Cardiac conduction potential originates where

A

In a group of cells in the SA node
-spreads through a network of autorhythmic cells in the heart
-these are many little cells that form the cardiac conduction of the heart

28
Q

The AV node and what have slower pacemaker activity that is overridden by the SA node?

A

AV node and the Purkinje fibers are overrriden by the SA node

29
Q

Whichever region of the cardiac conduction systems generates an AP most frequent…

A

Sets the pace of the heart for the rest of them
-this is why it is the SA node, as it is about 60-100/min

30
Q

Av node fire rate

A

40-60 /min

31
Q

Purkinje fibres firing rate

A

15-40/ min

32
Q

The more HCN channels present,

A

The faster the depolarization will be

BMSC 207 (15 decks)

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