Cardiovascular Flashcards
What is size of the heart and where does it lie
Size of a clenched fist
Lies behind the sternum and just left of centre
What is the aorta
I large artery, which is responsible for taking oxygenated blood and sending it out to tissues in the body
What is the largest vein in the body?
The vena cava which carries deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body
What is the pulmonary artery job?
To deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right atrium
What artery carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary
What is the pulmonary vein job
carrys oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs
What is the only vein which carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary vein
What is the left atrium?
It’s job is delivering oxygenated blood to the left ventricle
What is the job of the right atrium?
The atrium, collect and process his blood to the right ventricle. It is also the first place deoxygenated blood reaches.
What is the purpose of nonreturn valves?
To ensure blood flows in the right direction, and once the blood passes from one chamber, it cannot flow backwards
What is the job of the left ventricle?
Is it forces blood through the aorta and around the body-It is the thickest in strongest chamber of the heart.
What is the job of the right ventricle? 
To pump blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
What type of muscle tissue do we have?
cardiac, skeletal, smooth
What is myocardium?
Muscle tissue in the heart is made of
What is pulmonary circulation?
The flow of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart
What is systemic circulation?
The flow of blood from the left ventricle, to the tissues of the body, then back to the right side of the heart once it’s been utilised
What are the four main components that make up blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
What is the average amount of blood in a human?
5 L
What does the body is blood for?
 To carry oxygen and return CO2 from the tissues and transport other substances, like hormones
What are red blood cells?
One of the four components which make up blood
Approximately 240 to 270,000,000 red cells are in a single drop of blood
They contain haemoglobin which is the carrying protein for oxygen and carbon dioxide around the circulatory system
Make up 40% of blood volume
What are platelets?
The clotting mechanism which stops blood loss if you suffer cut, and they help avoid unnecessary blood loss
What is plasma?
Plasma is around 90% water, making the blood fluid and the other 10% solid and solutes
What are white blood cells?
They are clear and contain no haemoglobin meaning they do not assist in oxygen delivery
There are bodies primary means of fighting infection produced in the red bone marrow. They destroy bacteria and other harmful living organisms in the body.
What are the three types of blood vessels and two subcategories?
Main
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Subcategories
Arterioles Small arteries
Venules small veins
What are arteries?
Thick, muscular smooth tissue, which operate under high pressure
Is there elastic and expensive to handle the high levels of blood flow they receive?
What are veins?
The tissue responsible for returning blood rich in carbon dioxide back to the heart
Since they operate under lower pressure, there walls are less thick, then the arteries
Since the blood travels at a lesser force, they have non-return valve to ensure it flows in the right direction
What are capillaries?
, single cell thick to allow diffusion and gases
Facilitate the transference of oxygen and carbon dioxide from areas of high concentration to low concentration
What is blood pressure?
The pressure exerted against the wall of the arteries as the blood flows through them
What is systolic?
When the heartbeatS
What is diastolic?
When the heart relaxes
What are high blood pressure readings referred to as
Hypertension
What are low? Blood pressure readings described as
Hypotension
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood that leaves the heart over the course of a minute
With increased cardiac output, blood pressure increases in a linear fashion
Clients with what type of blood pressure shouldn’t do high-intensity workout
Hypertensive as high, cardiac output increases, elevated blood pressure
What is peripheral resistance?
The resistance blood flow is working against as it travels through the vessels
