Bones Flashcards
What are bones in the axial skeleton?
Skull
Spine
Chest
What is the bone in the skull
Cranial
How many bones are in the skull
Eight
What bones are in the spine?
The vertebrae, including
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumber
Sacral
Coccygeal
How many bones are in the cervical?
Seven
How many bones are in the thoracic?
12
How many bones are in the Lumbar
Five
How many bones are in the sacral?
Five
How many bones are in the Coccygeal
Four
How many bones are in the ribs?
12 pairs
How many bones are in the sternum?
One
What bones are in the appendicular Skelton
Shoulder
arm
Hand
Pelvis
Leg
Foot
What bones are in the shoulder?
Scapula
Clavicle
How many bones are in the scapula?
Two
How many bones are in the clavicle
2
How many bones are in the scapula?
2
How many bones are in the arm and what type of bones?
Humerus 2
Radius 2
Ulna 2
What bones are in the hand and how many bones are there?
Carpals 16
Metacarpals 10
Phalanges 28
What bones are in the pelvis and how many bones are there?
Pubis 2
Ischium 2
Ilium 2
What bones are in the leg and how many bones are there?
Femur 2
Patella 2
Tibia 2
Fibula 2
What bones are in the foot?
Tarsals 14
Metatarsals 10
Phalanges 28
What are the different types of bones humans have?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
What is the function of long bones?
These bones are longer than they are wide
Main function is movement as they provide long lovers
What are short bones
They offer excellent stability and dexterity 
The length and width of short bones is no real difference
What are flat bones?
Due to their large surface, their excellent from muscle attachment
What is an irregular bone and an example
Don’t have any common distinctive features so they don’t fit any other category. An example would be the vertebrae
What is the sesamoid?
Seed like bones which offer stability and friction free movement at a joint with a wide range of motion example is the patella
What are osteoblasts?
Bone building cells
What are osteoclasts?
Clear away dead bone cells
What are osteocytes?
Cells that have matured into bone cells
What is ossification?
The process of building bone
What are the vital components of bone growth?
Calcium minerals, and salts
What factors affect bone growth?
Nutritional quality-eating nutrient, dense foods, high in calcium build, strong bones and teeth
Hormonal factors
exposure to sunlight - vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium
exercise -
physical activity or influence bone strength
What is Kyphosis
Forward homesickness harassing
What is lordosis?
Exaggerate arch of the Lumbar
What is scoliosis?
Twist or sideways, S-bend
What are ligaments?
Ligaments are tissue which connects bone to bone and are formed, mainly of collagen and elastin
Largely nonelastic main functions to provide stability to joints
What makes ligament injuries, recovery slow
Due to their dense structures and lack of blood flow
What are tendons?
Densely packed, fibrous tissues
The main role is to transfer the forces produced by the muscles to the bones they’re pulling against which produces movement
When overloaded tendons can be damaged
What is cartilage?
Is known function is to surround the end of bones to assist in friction free movements
What are the three types of cartilage?
Fibrous
Elastic
Hyaline
What is fibrous cartilage?
Thicker and stronger than other cartilage
Provide some element of shock absorption in the joint
Found an inter-vertebral discs
What is hyaline
Most common type found in the body with diverse range of uses
Very dense tissue with potentially low blood flow
Reduces friction during movement
Featured, primarily In synovial and cartilagineus joints
What is elastic cartilage?
Network of fibres, which contain elastin to offer the ability to return the shape
Examples include the ear and larynx
What is the origin versus insertion bone?
Origin is the stationary bone that doesn’t move
Insertion is the bone that moves
What is the movement of the bicep that and what are the two different muscles
And insertion/origin bone
Flex the elbow
Inseration radious
Origin scapula
(Long+ short head)
