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Personal Training > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What are bones in the axial skeleton?

A

Skull
Spine
Chest

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2
Q

What is the bone in the skull

A

Cranial

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3
Q

How many bones are in the skull

A

Eight

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4
Q

What bones are in the spine?

A

The vertebrae, including
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumber
Sacral
Coccygeal

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5
Q

How many bones are in the cervical?

A

Seven

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6
Q

How many bones are in the thoracic?

A

12

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7
Q

How many bones are in the Lumbar

A

Five

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8
Q

How many bones are in the sacral?

A

Five

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9
Q

How many bones are in the Coccygeal

A

Four

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10
Q

How many bones are in the ribs?

A

12 pairs

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11
Q

How many bones are in the sternum?

A

One

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12
Q

What bones are in the appendicular Skelton

A

Shoulder
arm
Hand
Pelvis
Leg
Foot

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13
Q

What bones are in the shoulder?

A

Scapula
Clavicle

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14
Q

How many bones are in the scapula?

A

Two

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15
Q

How many bones are in the clavicle

A

2

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16
Q

How many bones are in the scapula?

A

2

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17
Q

How many bones are in the arm and what type of bones?

A

Humerus 2
Radius 2
Ulna 2

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18
Q

What bones are in the hand and how many bones are there?

A

Carpals 16
Metacarpals 10
Phalanges 28

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19
Q

What bones are in the pelvis and how many bones are there?

A

Pubis 2
Ischium 2
Ilium 2

20
Q

What bones are in the leg and how many bones are there?

A

Femur 2
Patella 2
Tibia 2
Fibula 2

21
Q

What bones are in the foot?

A

Tarsals 14
Metatarsals 10
Phalanges 28

22
Q

What are the different types of bones humans have?

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

23
Q

What is the function of long bones?

A

These bones are longer than they are wide

Main function is movement as they provide long lovers

24
Q

What are short bones

A

They offer excellent stability and dexterity 

The length and width of short bones is no real difference

25
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Due to their large surface, their excellent from muscle attachment

26
Q

What is an irregular bone and an example

A

Don’t have any common distinctive features so they don’t fit any other category. An example would be the vertebrae

27
Q

What is the sesamoid?

A

Seed like bones which offer stability and friction free movement at a joint with a wide range of motion example is the patella

28
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Bone building cells

29
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Clear away dead bone cells

30
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Cells that have matured into bone cells

31
Q

What is ossification?

A

The process of building bone

32
Q

What are the vital components of bone growth?

A

Calcium minerals, and salts

33
Q

What factors affect bone growth?

A

Nutritional quality-eating nutrient, dense foods, high in calcium build, strong bones and teeth

Hormonal factors

exposure to sunlight - vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium

exercise -
physical activity or influence bone strength

34
Q

What is Kyphosis

A

Forward homesickness harassing

35
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Exaggerate arch of the Lumbar

36
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Twist or sideways, S-bend

37
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Ligaments are tissue which connects bone to bone and are formed, mainly of collagen and elastin

Largely nonelastic main functions to provide stability to joints

38
Q

What makes ligament injuries, recovery slow

A

Due to their dense structures and lack of blood flow

39
Q

What are tendons?

A

Densely packed, fibrous tissues

The main role is to transfer the forces produced by the muscles to the bones they’re pulling against which produces movement

When overloaded tendons can be damaged

40
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Is known function is to surround the end of bones to assist in friction free movements

41
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Fibrous
Elastic
Hyaline

42
Q

What is fibrous cartilage?

A

Thicker and stronger than other cartilage

Provide some element of shock absorption in the joint

Found an inter-vertebral discs

43
Q

What is hyaline

A

Most common type found in the body with diverse range of uses

Very dense tissue with potentially low blood flow

Reduces friction during movement

Featured, primarily In synovial and cartilagineus joints

44
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Network of fibres, which contain elastin to offer the ability to return the shape

Examples include the ear and larynx

45
Q

What is the origin versus insertion bone?

A

Origin is the stationary bone that doesn’t move

Insertion is the bone that moves

46
Q

What is the movement of the bicep that and what are the two different muscles
And insertion/origin bone

A

Flex the elbow
Inseration radious
Origin scapula

(Long+ short head)

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