Cardiovascular 1

Question 1

Arterioles are

Answer 1

small branching vessels with high resistance

Question 2

Ohm’s law

Answer 2

F= ΔP/R

where:
F = flow
ΔP = pressure difference between two fixed points
R = resistance to flow

Question 3

blood always flows

Answer 3

down it’s concentration gradient

Question 4

Viscocity is the

Answer 4

friction between molecules of a flowing liquid

Question 5

what components of blood affect viscocity?

Answer 5

hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets

Question 6

A vessel with a longer length will produce ______ friction than a shorter vessel

Answer 6

more

Question 7

blood flows through vessels in

Answer 7

concentric layers

Question 8

in smaller diameter vessels ____ friction is generated

Answer 8

more

Question 9

in larger diameter vessels there is ______ friction generated

Answer 9

less

Question 10

capillaries transport

Answer 10

blood between small arteries and venules; exchange of material

Question 11

arteries carry blood

Answer 11

away from heart

Question 12

veins carry blood

Answer 12

towards the heart

Question 13

the cardiovascular system is a ______ system that is able to generate _______ pressures

Answer 13

closed
greater

Question 14

3 components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 14

heart
blood vessels
blood

Question 15

what are the four chambers of the heart

Answer 15

• 2 atria - R and L
• 2 ventricles - R and L

Question 16

the atria are ____ walled, ____ pressure chambers that recieve _________

Answer 16

thin
low
blood returning to the heart

Question 17

the ventricles are responsible for the

Answer 17

forward propulsion of blood

Question 18

apex is the

Answer 18

lowest superficial surface of the heart

Question 19

the upper surface of the heart is called the _____

Answer 19

base

Question 20

left side of heart pumps _____ oxygenated blood and right side of the heart pumps _______ oxygenated blood

Answer 20

highly
poorly

Question 21

left and right sides of the heart are separated by

Answer 21

septa

Question 22

interatrial septum separates

Answer 22

left and right atria

Question 23

interventricular septum separates

Answer 23

left and right ventricles

Question 24

two circuits of the circulatory system

Answer 24

Pulmonary
Systemic

Question 25

pulmonary circulation

Answer 25

• circulates blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
• blood entering lungs = poorly oxygenated blood
• oxygen diffuses from lung tissue to blood
• blood leaving lungs = oxygenated blood

Question 26

• circulates blood to and from the rest of the body
• blood entering tissues = oxygenated
• oxygen diffuses from blood to body tissues
• blood leaving tissues = poorly oxygenated blood

Answer 26

systemic circulation

Question 27

left heart receives blood from _____ circulation and pumps to _______ circulation

Answer 27

pulmonary
systemic

Question 28

right heart recieves blood from _______ circulation and pumps to ________ circulation

Answer 28

systemic
pulmonary

Question 29

the aorta is the largest ____ in the body and moves blood ______ from the heart

Answer 29

artery
away

Question 30

it is in the capillaries that oxygen moves from the blood into

Answer 30

the interstitial fluid surrounding the cells, and waste products enter the blood

Question 31

Functions of Pericardium

Answer 31

1. Stabilizes the heart in the thoracic cavity
2. Provides protection to the heart by physically surrounding it
3. Reduces friction as the heart beats by secreting pericardial fluid
4. Limits overfilling of the heart chambers

Question 32

3 layers of pericardial structure + functions

Question 33

Pericardial cavity

Question 34

Ventricular walls

Question 35

3 layers of the heart wall

Answer 35

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 36

what are myocytes

Answer 36

cardiac muscle cells

Question 37

what is the shape and appearance of cardiac muscle cells and how do they join?

Answer 37

branched “Y” shaped, straited with one nucleus/cell and many mitochondria
join longitudinally

Question 38

intercalated disk - connections

Question 39

desmosomes

Question 40

Gap junctions