Cardiovascular 1 Flashcards
Arterioles are
small branching vessels with high resistance
Ohm’s law
F= ΔP/R
where:
F = flow
ΔP = pressure difference between two fixed points
R = resistance to flow
blood always flows
down it’s concentration gradient
Viscocity is the
friction between molecules of a flowing liquid
what components of blood affect viscocity?
hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets
A vessel with a longer length will produce ______ friction than a shorter vessel
more
blood flows through vessels in
concentric layers
in smaller diameter vessels ____ friction is generated
more
in larger diameter vessels there is ______ friction generated
less
capillaries transport
blood between small arteries and venules; exchange of material
arteries carry blood
away from heart
veins carry blood
towards the heart
the cardiovascular system is a ______ system that is able to generate _______ pressures
closed
greater
3 components of the cardiovascular system
heart
blood vessels
blood
what are the four chambers of the heart
- 2 atria - R and L
- 2 ventricles - R and L
the atria are ____ walled, ____ pressure chambers that recieve _________
thin
low
blood returning to the heart
the ventricles are responsible for the
forward propulsion of blood
apex is the
lowest superficial surface of the heart
the upper surface of the heart is called the _____
base
left side of heart pumps _____ oxygenated blood and right side of the heart pumps _______ oxygenated blood
highly
poorly
left and right sides of the heart are separated by
septa
interatrial septum separates
left and right atria
interventricular septum separates
left and right ventricles
two circuits of the circulatory system
Pulmonary
Systemic
pulmonary circulation
- circulates blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
- blood entering lungs = poorly oxygenated blood
- oxygen diffuses from lung tissue to blood
- blood leaving lungs = oxygenated blood
- circulates blood to and from the rest of the body
- blood entering tissues = oxygenated
- oxygen diffuses from blood to body tissues
- blood leaving tissues = poorly oxygenated blood
systemic circulation
left heart receives blood from _____ circulation and pumps to _______ circulation
pulmonary
systemic
right heart recieves blood from _______ circulation and pumps to ________ circulation
systemic
pulmonary
the aorta is the largest ____ in the body and moves blood ______ from the heart
artery
away
it is in the capillaries that oxygen moves from the blood into
the interstitial fluid surrounding the cells, and waste products enter the blood
Functions of Pericardium
- Stabilizes the heart in the thoracic cavity
- Provides protection to the heart by physically surrounding it
- Reduces friction as the heart beats by secreting pericardial fluid
- Limits overfilling of the heart chambers
3 layers of pericardial structure + functions
Pericardial cavity
Ventricular walls
3 layers of the heart wall
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
what are myocytes
cardiac muscle cells
what is the shape and appearance of cardiac muscle cells and how do they join?
branched “Y” shaped, straited with one nucleus/cell and many mitochondria
join longitudinally
intercalated disk - connections
desmosomes
Gap junctions
