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PHYSL 210 > ANS - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

ANS - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomous carries out it’s functions

A

involuntarily

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions of the autonomic system

A
  1. maintains homeostasis
  2. controls fight or flight system
  3. rest/digest
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3
Q

the 2 anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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4
Q

The peripheral nervous system is found outside of the

A

central nervous system

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5
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS

A
  • afferent/sensory
  • efferent/motor
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6
Q

what does each of the following correspond to?
- somatosensory
- visceral sensory
- special sensory

A
  • touch, pain, temperature
  • internal organs
  • special sense organs (visual, olfactory, auditory)
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7
Q

Two subdivisions of the efferent/motor division

A
  • somatic nervous system
  • autonomic nervous system
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8
Q

somatic motor nerves controls

A

voluntary movements of muscles and involuntary reflexes

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9
Q

autonomic motor nerves control

A

involuntary movements of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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10
Q

the autonomic system is composed of: (3)

A
  • parasympathetic division
  • sympathetic division
  • enteric nervous system
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11
Q

what is smooth muscle

A

muscle tissue found in hollow organs e.g GI tract, bladder, uterus, blood vessels

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12
Q

a nerve is

A

a group of nerve fibers travelling together in the PNS; contains both efferent and afferent axons/fibers

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13
Q

a neuron is a

A

nerve cell

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14
Q

the 12 cranial nerves emerge

A

directly from the brain, including the brainstem, do not emerge from the spinal cord

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15
Q

Cranial nerve important for the parasympathetic division

A

Vagus nerve or nerve 10

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16
Q

Organization of the spinal cord

A

cervical nerves (neck region),
thoracic nerves (chest region),
lumbar, sacral, coccygeal (lower abdominal/pelvic)

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17
Q

How many and what kind of neurons are involved in ANS transmission

A

2 neurons
preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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18
Q

Cell body/axon location of first neuron of the ANS chain (preganglionic)

A

cell body in the CNS; axon extends from the CNS to the ganglia

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19
Q

where does the preganglionic neuron synapse with the postganglionic neuron

A

the ganglia; a cluster of neuronal cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNS

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20
Q

cell body/axon loaction of the second neuron in the ANS chain (postganglionic)

A

cell bodies found outside the CNS in ganglia; axon leaves ganglia and travels to target tissue

21
Q

myelination of pre and postganglionic neurons

A

pregnaglionic: lightly myelinated
postganglionic: unmylelinated

22
Q

Length of the axons of the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers differ between the

A

SNS and PSNS

23
Q

in the PSNS the ganglion is located

A

very close or within walls of target organ

24
Q

Axons of pre and post ganglionic neurons in PSNS

A
  • pre: long - long distance between the spinal cord and the ganglion
  • post: short - short distance from the ganglion to reach organ
25
in the SNS the ganglion is located
close to the spinal cord
26
what is the sympathetic trunk/chain (paravertebral ganglion)
paired chains of interconnected sympathetic ganglia that lie on either side of the vertebral column
27
length of axon of the pre and postganglionic neurons in the SNS
- pre: short - allows branching and mass discharge - post: very long - located further away from target
28
where is the cell body of the preganglionic neurons
CNS - brain or spinal cord
29
In the SNS, the cell bodies of the first neuron are found
in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
30
In the PSNS, cell bodies are found
in brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord
31
The sympathetic ganglia is
a chain of ganglia running parallel to the spinal cord on each side
32
The 3 collateral (pre-vertebral) ganglia are
- celiac ganglion - superior mesenteric ganglion - inferior mesenteric
33
where are the collateral ganglia located
in front of the vertebral column in the SNS
34
axon of sympathetic preganglionic fibers leave the spinal cord by the
ventral roots
35
when a dorsal root and ventral root combine it is called
a spinal nerve
36
3 pathways a sympathetic preganglionic fiber can take when it leaves the spinal cord
1. synapse with a postganglionic neuron in sympathetic ganglion 2. travel up/down the chain and synapse in ganglia at other levels 3. pass through chain, travel to collateral ganglion as splanchnic nerve
37
branch that leads into the ganglion from the spinal nerve carrying a myelinated preganglionic fiber
the white ramus communicans
38
branch that goes back into the spinal nerve from ganglion carrying an unmyelinated postganglionic fiber
the grey ramus communicans
39
Two main locations and types of ganglia in the sympathetic system:
Chain ganglia (para-vertibroganglia): both sides of spinal cord Collateral ganglia (pre-vertibroganglia): in front of/before vertebral column
40
the adrenal medulla only receives ________ innervation
sympathetic
41
sweat glands only recieve _______ innervation
sympathetic
42
functions of the sympathetic system dominate during the
fight or flight response
43
where are the adrenal glands found
just above each of the kidneys
44
the adrenal medulla contains
an outer cortex and an inner medulla
45
the adrenal medulla is innervated by sympathetic _________ neurons
preganglionic
46
The adrenal medulla itself acts like a modified sympathetic
postganglionic neuron
47
adrenal medulla releases the horomones: _______ (80%) and ________ (20%) into the ________
- epinephrine - norepinephrine - blood
48
actions caused by norepinephrine and epinephrine will stop when
they are broken down in the liver
49
norepinephrine and epinephrine produce responses by
travelling through the blood to various target organs

PHYSL 210 (16 decks)

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