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Summer NPTE Cradiopulm > cardiopulm 5 - pharma management of the heart > Flashcards

cardiopulm 5 - pharma management of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

action - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

reduce the peri vascular tone by blocking alpha-1-adrenergic recpetors

causes the dilation of arterioles and viens > decrease HTN

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2
Q

indication - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

HTN, benign prostatic hyperplasia

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3
Q

what is benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

enlarged prostate

a non-cancerous condition in which the prostate gland becomes larger than normal

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4
Q

side effects - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

dizzy

plapations

orthosatic hypotension

drowiness

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5
Q

implication for PT - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

caution of orthostatic hypotension

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6
Q

examples of alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

caudura (doxazosin)

minipress (prazosin)

hytrin (terazonsin)

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7
Q

action - ACE inhibitors

A

decrease blood pressure and afterload

suppresses the enzyme that converts angiotensis 1 to angiotensis 2

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8
Q

what is afterload

A

the pressure the heart’s left ventricle must overcome to pump blood out during systole, or contraction.

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9
Q

indication - ACE inhibitors

A

HTN
CHF

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10
Q

side effects - ACE inhibitors

A

hypotension

dizzy

dry cough

hyperkalemia

hypoatremia

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11
Q

what is hypoatremia

A

serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L

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12
Q

what is hyperkalemia

A

high levels of K in the blood

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13
Q

implication for PT - ACE inhibitors

A

caution of orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

examples of ACE inhibitors

A

pril

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15
Q

action - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

block angio II receptor which limts vasoconstriction and stimulation of vascular tissue

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16
Q

indication - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

HTN
CHF

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17
Q

side effects - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

dizzy

back pain and leg pain

angina pectoralis

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18
Q

implication for PT - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

mim

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19
Q

examples of angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

tan

losatan
candesatran
valsartan

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20
Q

action - antiarrhythmic agents
(classes)

A

class I - sodium channel blocker

class II - beta blocker

class III - K channel blocker

class IIII - Ca channel blocker

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21
Q

sodium channels block

A

control cardiac excitation and conduction

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22
Q

beta blockers

A

inhibit sympathetic activity by blocking beta receptors

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23
Q

K channel blockers

A

prolong replorizing

bloack K and Na channels

normally though as the most effective agents

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24
Q

indication - antiarrhythmic agents

A

cardiac arrthythmias

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25
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

depress depolrization and slow conduction through the AV node

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26
Q

side effects - antiarrhythmic agents

A

specfic to the agent

dizzy, exacerbation of arrhythmias, hypotension

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27
Q

implication for PT - antiarrhythmic agents

A

tell pt to adhere to dosing schedule

and tell health care provider if this is an issue with them

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28
Q

examples of antiarrhythmic agents - Na channel blockers

A

quinidine

xylocanine (lidocaine)

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29
Q

examples of antiarrhythmic agents - beta blockers

A

terormin (atenolol)

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30
Q

examples of antiarrhythmic agents - K channels blocker

A

cordarone (aminodarone)

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31
Q

examples of antiarrhythmic agents - Ca channel blocker

A

cardizem (dilyiazem)

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32
Q

action - anticoagulant agents

A

inhibit platelet formation and thrombus formation

33
Q

indication - anticoagulant agents

A

post precutaneous transluminal cornary angioplasty and cornary artery bypass Surgery

prothestic heart valves

thrombus: PE and DVT

34
Q

side effects - anticoagulant agents

A

hemorrhage

increased risk of bleeding

gastrointesinal distress w/ oral medication

35
Q

implication for PT - anticoagulant agents

A

avoid risk of bleeding

36
Q

examples of anticoagulant agents

A

warfarin (coumadin)

heprin

lovenox (enoxaparin)

37
Q

action - antihyperlipidemia agents

A

5 catgeogories

  1. statins: inhibt ezyme action in chlosterol synnthesis

2-5: biles acid sequestrines, nicotonic acid , chloesterol absoportion inhobitors, and fibric acid derivatives

38
Q

indication - antihyperlipidemia agents

A

hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, prevent cornary events, DM, PAD

39
Q

side effects - antihyperlipidemia agents

A

headache, tummy hurt, mylagia, rash

40
Q

implication for PT - antihyperlipidemia agents

A

aerobic exercise can increase HDL and max the effects of the drugs

41
Q

examples of antihyperlipidemia agents

A

lipitor (atorvastatin)

zocor (simvastatin)

tricor (fenofibrate)

42
Q

action - antithrombotic agents

A

inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formationn

43
Q

indication - antithrombotic agents

A

post MI

atrial fibrillation

prevnt aterial thrombus formation

44
Q

side effects - antithrombotic agents

A

hemorrhage

thromobocytonpenia

potential lover toxcity with the use of asprin

tummy hurt

45
Q

implication for PT - antithrombotic agents

A

avoid risk of bleeding

46
Q

examples of antithrombotic agents

A

bayer (asprin)

plavix (clopidogrel)

Persantine (dipyridamole)

47
Q

actions - Beta blocker agents

A

decrease myocardial oxygen demands by decreasing HR and contractility by block beta receptors

48
Q

indications - Beta blocker agents

A

HTN

angina

arrhythmias

HF

mirgraines

essential tremor

49
Q

side effects - Beta blocker agents

A

brady

cardiac arrhythmia

fatigue

depression

dizzy

weakness

blurred vision

50
Q

implication for PT - Beta blocker agents

A

heart rate and blood pressure response to exercise will be dimished

RPE can be used instead

positional chnages

51
Q

examples of Beta blocker agents

A

tenormin (atenolol)

lopressor (metoprolol)

inderal (propranolol)

52
Q

what is thromobocytonpenia

A

a condition in which platelet count in the blood si too low

53
Q

actions - Ca channels blocker

A

decrease the entry of Ca into vascular smooth muscle cells > dimished myocardial contract, vasodilation and decreased oxy demand of the heart

54
Q

indications - Ca channels blocker

A

HTN

angina

arrhythmia

CHF

55
Q

side effects - Ca channels blocker

A

dizzy

HA

hypotentiosn

peri edema

56
Q

implication for PT - Ca channels blocker

A

heart rate and BP response to exercise will decrease

ortho hypo

57
Q

examples of Ca channels blocker

A

narvasc (amlodipine)

procardia (nifedipine)

calan (verapamil)

Cardizem (dilitiazem)

58
Q

actions -Diuretic agents

A

increase the excretion of sodium and urine

this causes a reduction in plasma volume which decrease BP

59
Q

indications - Diuretic agents

A

HTN

edema associated with HF

Pulmonary edema

glaucoma

60
Q

side effects - Diuretic agents

A

dehydration

hypo

electroltye imbalance

polyuria

increase in LDLs arrhythmias

61
Q

implication for PT - Diuretic agents

A

position changes dizzy

muscle weakness or cramping

montior for electrolyte imbalance

62
Q

examples of Diuretic agents

A

thiazide - diuril (chlorothiazide)

loop - Lasix (furosemide)

K sparing - Dyrenium (triamterene)

63
Q

actions - Nitrate agents

A

decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of peri vessels

64
Q

indications - Nitrate agents

A

angina pectoris

65
Q

side effects - Nitrate agents

A

HA

dizzy

ortho hypo

reflex tachy

66
Q

what is reflexive tachycardia

A

heart beats faster in response to a drop in blood pressure to try to raise it back up

67
Q

implication for PT - Nitrate agents

A

ortho hypo

sublingual (under the tongue) admissions preferred adminiration during attack

68
Q

examples of Nitrate agents

A

nitrosat (nitroglycerin)

isodril (isosorbide dniitrate)

amyl nirtate soultion fo inhaltions

69
Q

actions -positive inotropic agents

A

increases the force and velocity of myocardial contraction

slow the HR

decrease conduction velocity through AV node

decreases the degree of activation for the sym NS

70
Q

indications - positive inotropic agents

A

HF

atrial fibrillation

71
Q

what is afib

A

a type of arrhythmia, or irregular heart rhythm, that causes the upper chambers of the heart to beat rapidly and erratically

72
Q

side effects - positive inotropic agents

A

cardiac arrhy

tummy hurt

blurred vision

73
Q

implication for PT - positive inotropic agents

A

monitor HR during activity

contact if HR is less the 60 or more then 100

74
Q

examples of positive inotropic agents

A

lanoxin (digoxin)

75
Q

actions - thromolytic agents

A

facilitate clot dissolution

allow occlude vessels to reopen to maintain blood flow

76
Q

indications - thromolytic agents

A

acute myocardial infraction

PE

inschemic stroke

arterial or venous thrombosis

77
Q

side effects - thromolytic agents

A

hemm

allergic reaction

cardiac arrhy

78
Q

implication for PT - thromolytic agents

A

avoid trauma

79
Q

examples of thromolytic agents

A

KInlytic (urokinase)

activase (alteplase)

Summer NPTE Cradiopulm (15 decks)

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