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Summer NPTE Cradiopulm > cardiopulm 5 - pharma management of the heart > Flashcards

cardiopulm 5 - pharma management of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

action - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

reduce the peri vascular tone by blocking alpha-1-adrenergic recpetors

causes the dilation of arterioles and viens > decrease HTN

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2
Q

indication - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

HTN, benign prostatic hyperplasia

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3
Q

what is benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

enlarged prostate

a non-cancerous condition in which the prostate gland becomes larger than normal

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4
Q

side effects - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

dizzy

plapations

orthosatic hypotension

drowiness

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5
Q

implication for PT - alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

caution of orthostatic hypotension

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6
Q

examples of alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

caudura (doxazosin)

minipress (prazosin)

hytrin (terazonsin)

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7
Q

action - ACE inhibitors

A

decrease blood pressure and afterload

suppresses the enzyme that converts angiotensis 1 to angiotensis 2

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8
Q

what is afterload

A

the pressure the heart’s left ventricle must overcome to pump blood out during systole, or contraction.

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9
Q

indication - ACE inhibitors

A

HTN
CHF

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10
Q

side effects - ACE inhibitors

A

hypotension

dizzy

dry cough

hyperkalemia

hypoatremia

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11
Q

what is hypoatremia

A

serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L

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12
Q

what is hyperkalemia

A

high levels of K in the blood

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13
Q

implication for PT - ACE inhibitors

A

caution of orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

examples of ACE inhibitors

A

pril

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15
Q

action - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

block angio II receptor which limts vasoconstriction and stimulation of vascular tissue

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16
Q

indication - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

HTN
CHF

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17
Q

side effects - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

dizzy

back pain and leg pain

angina pectoralis

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18
Q

implication for PT - angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

mim

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19
Q

examples of angio II receptor antagonist agents

A

tan

losatan
candesatran
valsartan

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20
Q

action - antiarrhythmic agents
(classes)

A

class I - sodium channel blocker

class II - beta blocker

class III - K channel blocker

class IIII - Ca channel blocker

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21
Q

sodium channels block

A

control cardiac excitation and conduction

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22
Q

beta blockers

A

inhibit sympathetic activity by blocking beta receptors

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23
Q

K channel blockers

A

prolong replorizing

bloack K and Na channels

normally though as the most effective agents

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24
Q

indication - antiarrhythmic agents

A

cardiac arrthythmias

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25
calcium channel blocker
depress depolrization and slow conduction through the AV node
26
side effects - antiarrhythmic agents
specfic to the agent dizzy, exacerbation of arrhythmias, hypotension
27
implication for PT - antiarrhythmic agents
tell pt to adhere to dosing schedule and tell health care provider if this is an issue with them
28
examples of antiarrhythmic agents - Na channel blockers
quinidine xylocanine (lidocaine)
29
examples of antiarrhythmic agents - beta blockers
terormin (atenolol)
30
examples of antiarrhythmic agents - K channels blocker
cordarone (aminodarone)
31
examples of antiarrhythmic agents - Ca channel blocker
cardizem (dilyiazem)
32
action - anticoagulant agents
inhibit platelet formation and thrombus formation
33
indication - anticoagulant agents
post precutaneous transluminal cornary angioplasty and cornary artery bypass Surgery prothestic heart valves thrombus: PE and DVT
34
side effects - anticoagulant agents
hemorrhage increased risk of bleeding gastrointesinal distress w/ oral medication
35
implication for PT - anticoagulant agents
avoid risk of bleeding
36
examples of anticoagulant agents
warfarin (coumadin) heprin lovenox (enoxaparin)
37
action - antihyperlipidemia agents
5 catgeogories 1. statins: inhibt ezyme action in chlosterol synnthesis 2-5: biles acid sequestrines, nicotonic acid , chloesterol absoportion inhobitors, and fibric acid derivatives
38
indication - antihyperlipidemia agents
hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, prevent cornary events, DM, PAD
39
side effects - antihyperlipidemia agents
headache, tummy hurt, mylagia, rash
40
implication for PT - antihyperlipidemia agents
aerobic exercise can increase HDL and max the effects of the drugs
41
examples of antihyperlipidemia agents
lipitor (atorvastatin) zocor (simvastatin) tricor (fenofibrate)
42
action - antithrombotic agents
inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formationn
43
indication - antithrombotic agents
post MI atrial fibrillation prevnt aterial thrombus formation
44
side effects - antithrombotic agents
hemorrhage thromobocytonpenia potential lover toxcity with the use of asprin tummy hurt
45
implication for PT - antithrombotic agents
avoid risk of bleeding
46
examples of antithrombotic agents
bayer (asprin) plavix (clopidogrel) Persantine (dipyridamole)
47
actions - Beta blocker agents
decrease myocardial oxygen demands by decreasing HR and contractility by block beta receptors
48
indications - Beta blocker agents
HTN angina arrhythmias HF mirgraines essential tremor
49
side effects - Beta blocker agents
brady cardiac arrhythmia fatigue depression dizzy weakness blurred vision
50
implication for PT - Beta blocker agents
heart rate and blood pressure response to exercise will be dimished RPE can be used instead positional chnages
51
examples of Beta blocker agents
tenormin (atenolol) lopressor (metoprolol) inderal (propranolol)
52
what is thromobocytonpenia
a condition in which platelet count in the blood si too low
53
actions - Ca channels blocker
decrease the entry of Ca into vascular smooth muscle cells > dimished myocardial contract, vasodilation and decreased oxy demand of the heart
54
indications - Ca channels blocker
HTN angina arrhythmia CHF
55
side effects - Ca channels blocker
dizzy HA hypotentiosn peri edema
56
implication for PT - Ca channels blocker
heart rate and BP response to exercise will decrease ortho hypo
57
examples of Ca channels blocker
narvasc (amlodipine) procardia (nifedipine) calan (verapamil) Cardizem (dilitiazem)
58
actions -Diuretic agents
increase the excretion of sodium and urine this causes a reduction in plasma volume which decrease BP
59
indications - Diuretic agents
HTN edema associated with HF Pulmonary edema glaucoma
60
side effects - Diuretic agents
dehydration hypo electroltye imbalance polyuria increase in LDLs arrhythmias
61
implication for PT - Diuretic agents
position changes dizzy muscle weakness or cramping montior for electrolyte imbalance
62
examples of Diuretic agents
thiazide - diuril (chlorothiazide) loop - Lasix (furosemide) K sparing - Dyrenium (triamterene)
63
actions - Nitrate agents
decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of peri vessels
64
indications - Nitrate agents
angina pectoris
65
side effects - Nitrate agents
HA dizzy ortho hypo reflex tachy
66
what is reflexive tachycardia
heart beats faster in response to a drop in blood pressure to try to raise it back up
67
implication for PT - Nitrate agents
ortho hypo sublingual (under the tongue) admissions preferred adminiration during attack
68
examples of Nitrate agents
nitrosat (nitroglycerin) isodril (isosorbide dniitrate) amyl nirtate soultion fo inhaltions
69
actions -positive inotropic agents
increases the force and velocity of myocardial contraction slow the HR decrease conduction velocity through AV node decreases the degree of activation for the sym NS
70
indications - positive inotropic agents
HF atrial fibrillation
71
what is afib
a type of arrhythmia, or irregular heart rhythm, that causes the upper chambers of the heart to beat rapidly and erratically
72
side effects - positive inotropic agents
cardiac arrhy tummy hurt blurred vision
73
implication for PT - positive inotropic agents
monitor HR during activity contact if HR is less the 60 or more then 100
74
examples of positive inotropic agents
lanoxin (digoxin)
75
actions - thromolytic agents
facilitate clot dissolution allow occlude vessels to reopen to maintain blood flow
76
indications - thromolytic agents
acute myocardial infraction PE inschemic stroke arterial or venous thrombosis
77
side effects - thromolytic agents
hemm allergic reaction cardiac arrhy
78
implication for PT - thromolytic agents
avoid trauma
79
examples of thromolytic agents
KInlytic (urokinase) activase (alteplase)

Summer NPTE Cradiopulm (15 decks)

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