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Summer NPTE Cradiopulm > cardiopulm 2 - pathology of the heart and blood vessels > Flashcards

cardiopulm 2 - pathology of the heart and blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what is an aneursym

A

a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel

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2
Q

what is angina pectoris

A

a precordial session of pressure or discomfort resultsing from myocardial ischemia

result of inadquate dblood flow and oxy of the heart

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3
Q

what is stable agina

A

occurs at a predicaable level of exertion , exercise, or stress and responds to nitroglycerin

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4
Q

what is unstable agina

A

normally more intense

last longer

precipitated by less ecertion or spnotaneously at rest

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5
Q

what causes agina pectoris

A

inadequate blood flow and oxygenation of the heart

mostly 2/2 cornary art disease

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6
Q

what is prinzmental angina

A

this is angina 2/2 coronary art spasm

often associated with cornary art disease

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7
Q

how does agina normally present

A

heaviness, pressures, squeezing, burn, aching pain of the sternum

it is normally trigger by strong emotion and goes away w/ rest

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8
Q

what is the medication normally given to those w/ angina

A

nitroglycerin

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9
Q

what is atheroclerosis

A

a slow progressive accumaltion of fatty plaques on the inner walls of the arteries

these plaques can restrict blood flow

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10
Q

what is claudication

A

pain in the legs or arms that occurs while walking or using the arms.

The pain is caused by too little blood flow to the legs or arms.

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11
Q

what is an angioplasty

A

a non-surgical procedure that opens blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart

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12
Q

what is cardiomyopathy

A

group of conditions that effect the myocardium

impairs the hearts ability to contract and relax

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13
Q

are there any early signs of cardiomyopathy

A

no

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14
Q

what are the later signs of cardiomyopathy

A

dyspnea - w/ exerction or rest

swelling of the legs, ankle, feet

bloating of the abd due to build up

irregular heart beat

LH and fainting

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15
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy

A

the chambers of the heart thin and stretch

effect the ability of the heart to pump blood

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16
Q

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

the walls of the left ventricle become thick and stiff.

Over time, the heart can’t take in or pump out enough blood during each heartbeat to supply the body’s needs.

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17
Q

what are the meds often used for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

ACE inhibitors

beta blockers

digoxin

diuretics

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18
Q

what are the med often used for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Lopressor

Ca channel blockers

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19
Q

what is restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

when the walls of the ventricles become rigid

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20
Q

what is chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition in which the viens and the valves in the LE are damaged and cannot keep blood flowing towards the heart

this causes the veins to remain full w/ blood

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21
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency

A

leg swelling

varicose viens

aching heaviness or cramping

itchy

redness

skin ulcers of the LE

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22
Q

what is the treatment for CVI

A

compression stocking

elevate legs

23
Q

how do compression stocking help prevennt DVT

A

help to encourage blood flow back to the heart and prevent blood from pooling

24
Q

what is a atrial septal defect

A

a hole in the wall separating the left and right atrium

the foruman ovale does no close at birth

25
Q

what is cor pulmonale

A

also known as - pulmonary heart disease

hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs

26
Q

what are signs and sym of cor pulmonale

A

progressive SOB especially w/ exertion

27
Q

what is cornary artery disease

A

a narrowing or blockage of the cornary art

resulting in decreased blood flow

28
Q

what are the risk factors of CAD

A

high LDL

cholesteral

low levels of HDLs

DM 2

smoking

obesity

inactivity

29
Q

what drugs are given to those with CAD

A

ACE inhibitors

angiotensin II recptor blockers

statins

30
Q

what is a DVT

A

a condition in which a blood clot forms un one or more of the deep viens in the LE

this is serious becasue it can break lose and result in the PE

31
Q

what is wells criteria used for

A

used for those with a suspected DVT

32
Q

what is low risk on wells

A

<1

33
Q

what is moderate risk on wells

A

1-2 points

34
Q

what is high risk for wells

A

> 2

35
Q

what are some of the signs and symtoms of a DVT

A

swelling

pain

redness

warmth of the effected leg

36
Q

what is endocarditis

A

inflammation of the endothelium that lines the heart and the cardiac valves

caused by bacteria that has entered the blood

37
Q

what are the first line treatment for endocarditis

A

antiobiotics

38
Q

what is heart failure

A

CHF

when the heart cannot maintain normal cardiac output to meet the bodies demands for blood and oxygen

39
Q

what are the signs and sym of heart failure

A

SOB

swelling of LE and abd

fatigue and weakness

irregular heart beat w/ S3 od S4 heart sounds

weieght gain from fluid retention

40
Q

what is heart murmur

A

an abdnormal swishing or woshing sound heard

41
Q

what can cause a heart murmur

A

turbulant blood flow through a narrow or damaged heart valve

or a hole in the heart wall

42
Q

what is essential or primary HTn caused by

A

no known cause

43
Q

what is 2nd HTN caused by

A

renal disease

44
Q

what is myocardial infraction (MI) also known as

A

heart attack

45
Q

what is MI

A

when blood flow through one or more of the cornary arteries is serverly reduceed or cut off completely

46
Q

what are the signs and sym of MI

A

chest discomfort

pressure or squeezing pain

SOB

discomfort in the shoulder neck or back

47
Q

what is myocarditis

A

inflammation of weakness of the myocardium

can lead to the myocardium to become thick and and swollen

48
Q

what causes myocarditis

A

usally viral

49
Q

what is peri art diease

A

stenotic, occlusive, and aneurysmal disease of the aorta and the peri art

atheroscelrosis and thromboembolic process that alter the art

50
Q

what are the signs and sym of PAD

A

fatigue, aching, numbness

pain in buttock, calf thigh foot at rest or when walking

poorly healing wounds on LE

distal hair loss

claudication

51
Q

what is intermintant claudication

A

a circulatory issue that causes pain in the muscles of the lower extremities during exercise

52
Q

what is rheumatic fever

A

inflammation disease that can develope as a result of poorly treated strep

this can lead to damage of the hearrt valves and lead to heart failure

53
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever

A

red, swollen, inflammation, and painful joints

heart palpitaions

chest pain

SOB

skin rash

54
Q

what is valvular heart disease

A

damage to one or more of the hearts valves

results in reguritation or stenosis of blood flow in the heart

Summer NPTE Cradiopulm (15 decks)

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