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Summer NPTE Cradiopulm > cardiopulm - 11 wave forms and intervals > Flashcards

cardiopulm - 11 wave forms and intervals Flashcards

1
Q

what does depolarization mean

A

The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates depolarization in the right and left atria, causing contraction,

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2
Q

what does the p wave represent in the heart wave form

A

atrial depolorization

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3
Q

systole vs diastole

A

Diastole represents ventricular filling

systole represents ventricular contraction/ejection.

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4
Q

what does the PR interval represent

A

time for atrial depolrization and conduction from the SA to the AV node

normal: 0.12 - 0.20 secs

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5
Q

what is the order of the heart wave

A

P QRS T

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6
Q

what does the QRS complex represent

A

ventircal depolorization and atrial repolarization

normal: 0.06 - 0.10

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7
Q

what does th QT interval represent

A

time for both the ventricle to depolorization and repolarization

normal: 0.20 - 0.40

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8
Q

what is the ST segment represernt

A

iso electric period the follows the QRS where the ventrical is repolarized

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9
Q

what does the T wave represent

A

ventirclar reporlarization

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10
Q

what is a regular sinus rhythm

A

atrial depolarization starts at the SA node and spreads normally throughout the electrical conduction system

HR: 60 - 100 BPM

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11
Q

what is sinus brady

A

slow HR - less the 60

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12
Q

what is sinus tachy

A

fast HR - greater the 100

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13
Q

what is a sinus arrthy

A

a sinus rythm but with a quickening and slowing of impulse formation in the SA node

results in a slight beat to beat variation in rate

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14
Q

what is sinus arrest

A

a sinus rhy

with intermittent failure of either the SA node impulse or AV node conductions

results in occasional complete absense of P or QRS waves

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15
Q

what are premature atrial contractions (PAC)

A

when an ectopic focus in the atrium starts a impulse before the SA node

P wave is premature with abnormal configuration

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16
Q

what is the clincical importance of a PAC

A

this is very commone and generally benign

may progress to a artial flutter

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17
Q

what is atrial flutter

A

an ectopic, very rapid atrial tachy

atrial rate of 250-250 bpm

ventrical rate depend on the AV node

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18
Q

what does atrial flutter looks like

A

saw tooth shaped p waves

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19
Q

what are some possible causes of atrial flutter

A

valve disease

ischemic heart disease

cardiomyopathy

PE

obstructve lung disease

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20
Q

what are the signs and sym of atrial flutter

A

palpitations, LH, and signs of angia 2/2 a rapid rate

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21
Q

what is atrial fibrillation

A

commone

atria depolrizes between 350-600 time/min

ECG -w/out a distinct p wave

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22
Q

afib -occurs in what. kind of pts

A

occurs in health hearts

and

CAD, HTN, and valvular disease

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23
Q

what is 1st degree AV block

A

PR interval longer then 0.2 s

constant from beat to beat

24
Q

what is the clinical sig of AV block

A

no syms or sig changes in cardiac function

25
Q

what is 2nd degree AV block

A

AV conduction distribance in which impulses between the atria and the ventricle fail intermittently

26
Q

what are the two types of 2nd degree AV block

A

mobitz type 1 and 2

27
Q

what is mobitz type 1

A

progressive prolongation of PR interval until one is not conducted (generally begin)

progressive longer until it finnaly dropped (airplane cancellation)

28
Q

what is mobitz type 2

A

consecutive PR inteervals are the same and normal followed by non-conduction of one or more impulses

this can progress to 3rd degree

(randdom cancellization) - QRS

29
Q

what is 3rd degree AV block

A

all impulses are blocked at the AV node and node are transmitted to the ventricles

the atrial and ventircles are paced indep

P wave is different from QRR

atrial rate > ventrical rate

30
Q

30 box equal how much time

A

6 secs

31
Q

is 3rd degree AV block bad

A

yes it is considered a medical emergency and requires a pace maker

32
Q

what is mobitz type 1 also called

A

wenkenbach

33
Q

what is the cause of 3rd degree block

A

degenrative chnages of the conduction system

digitalis

heart surgery

acute MI

34
Q

what is premature ventriclae complex (PVC)

A

premature depolrization arrising in the ventricles

35
Q

what is the differer between unifocal PVC and multifocal PVC

A

uni: same ctopic focus and have the same configuration

multi: arrise from different ectopic foci and have different configuration

36
Q

what does the ECG for PVC look like

A

P wave is normally absent

QRS has wide aberrent shape

37
Q

what is v-tach (ventricular tachy)

A

3 or more consective PVCs at a ventriclar arte of >150 bpm

p waves are absent and QRS are large and aberrent

38
Q

what is the clinical sig of v-tach

A

life threatening if longer the 30 secs

pt become hypotensive

may progress to cardiac arrest

39
Q

what is cardiac arrest

A

cardiac arrest is when a person’s heart stops pumping blood around their body and they stop breathing normally.

40
Q

what is ventrical fibrillation (V-FIB)

A

the ventricles do not beat in a coordinated fashion but fibrillate or quiver asynchronously and ineffectively

41
Q

what does the ECG for v-fob look like

A

waves with a irregular pattern that is either coarse or fine

wild waves

42
Q

what are the clincial sig of v-fib

A

lengthy v-fib requires immediate defrillation

43
Q

what is the point of defribillation

A

help your heart return to a normal rhythm when a potentially fatal arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) is happening in your heart’s lower chambers (ventricles).

44
Q

what is ventricle asytole

A

ventricle standstill w/ no rhythm

45
Q

whta does the ECG of ventricular asytole look like

A

ECG records straight line pattern

46
Q

what is the response to centricular asytole

A

immediate CPR and meds to stimulate cardiac activitu

47
Q

what does a depressed ST segment indicate

A

sign of subendocardial ischemia

48
Q

what does a elevated ST segment indicate

A

early signs of acute transmural infarction

49
Q

what does a abnormal q wave indicate

A

infraction

50
Q

what does an abnormal q wave look like

A

longer then 0.4 secs

larger then 1/3 the amp of tthe R wave

51
Q

when does t wave inversion occur

A

hours or days following MI

52
Q

how to read the boxes of a ECG

A

Each large box represents 0.20 seconds

there are five small boxes in each large box, thus each small box is equivalent to 0.04 seconds.

53
Q

how do we determine HR from a ECG 6 sec strip

A

count the number of QRS complexes and multiply by 10

then you have bpm

54
Q

what is the normal length of a PR interval

A

0.12 - .0.20

55
Q

what is a normal QRS width

A

0.04 - 0.10

Summer NPTE Cradiopulm (15 decks)

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