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Summer NPTE Cradiopulm > cardiopulm - 11 wave forms and intervals > Flashcards

cardiopulm - 11 wave forms and intervals Flashcards

1
Q

what does depolarization mean

A

The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates depolarization in the right and left atria, causing contraction,

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2
Q

what does the p wave represent in the heart wave form

A

atrial depolorization

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3
Q

systole vs diastole

A

Diastole represents ventricular filling

systole represents ventricular contraction/ejection.

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4
Q

what does the PR interval represent

A

time for atrial depolrization and conduction from the SA to the AV node

normal: 0.12 - 0.20 secs

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5
Q

what is the order of the heart wave

A

P QRS T

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6
Q

what does the QRS complex represent

A

ventircal depolorization and atrial repolarization

normal: 0.06 - 0.10

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7
Q

what does th QT interval represent

A

time for both the ventricle to depolorization and repolarization

normal: 0.20 - 0.40

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8
Q

what is the ST segment represernt

A

iso electric period the follows the QRS where the ventrical is repolarized

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9
Q

what does the T wave represent

A

ventirclar reporlarization

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10
Q

what is a regular sinus rhythm

A

atrial depolarization starts at the SA node and spreads normally throughout the electrical conduction system

HR: 60 - 100 BPM

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11
Q

what is sinus brady

A

slow HR - less the 60

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12
Q

what is sinus tachy

A

fast HR - greater the 100

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13
Q

what is a sinus arrthy

A

a sinus rythm but with a quickening and slowing of impulse formation in the SA node

results in a slight beat to beat variation in rate

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14
Q

what is sinus arrest

A

a sinus rhy

with intermittent failure of either the SA node impulse or AV node conductions

results in occasional complete absense of P or QRS waves

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15
Q

what are premature atrial contractions (PAC)

A

when an ectopic focus in the atrium starts a impulse before the SA node

P wave is premature with abnormal configuration

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16
Q

what is the clincical importance of a PAC

A

this is very commone and generally benign

may progress to a artial flutter

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17
Q

what is atrial flutter

A

an ectopic, very rapid atrial tachy

atrial rate of 250-250 bpm

ventrical rate depend on the AV node

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18
Q

what does atrial flutter looks like

A

saw tooth shaped p waves

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19
Q

what are some possible causes of atrial flutter

A

valve disease

ischemic heart disease

cardiomyopathy

PE

obstructve lung disease

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20
Q

what are the signs and sym of atrial flutter

A

palpitations, LH, and signs of angia 2/2 a rapid rate

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21
Q

what is atrial fibrillation

A

commone

atria depolrizes between 350-600 time/min

ECG -w/out a distinct p wave

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22
Q

afib -occurs in what. kind of pts

A

occurs in health hearts

and

CAD, HTN, and valvular disease

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23
Q

what is 1st degree AV block

A

PR interval longer then 0.2 s

constant from beat to beat

24
Q

what is the clinical sig of AV block

A

no syms or sig changes in cardiac function

25
what is 2nd degree AV block
AV conduction distribance in which impulses between the atria and the ventricle fail intermittently
26
what are the two types of 2nd degree AV block
mobitz type 1 and 2
27
what is mobitz type 1
progressive prolongation of PR interval until one is not conducted (generally begin) progressive longer until it finnaly dropped (airplane cancellation)
28
what is mobitz type 2
consecutive PR inteervals are the same and normal followed by non-conduction of one or more impulses this can progress to 3rd degree (randdom cancellization) - QRS
29
what is 3rd degree AV block
all impulses are blocked at the AV node and node are transmitted to the ventricles the atrial and ventircles are paced indep P wave is different from QRR atrial rate > ventrical rate
30
30 box equal how much time
6 secs
31
is 3rd degree AV block bad
yes it is considered a medical emergency and requires a pace maker
32
what is mobitz type 1 also called
wenkenbach
33
what is the cause of 3rd degree block
degenrative chnages of the conduction system digitalis heart surgery acute MI
34
what is premature ventriclae complex (PVC)
premature depolrization arrising in the ventricles
35
what is the differer between unifocal PVC and multifocal PVC
uni: same ctopic focus and have the same configuration multi: arrise from different ectopic foci and have different configuration
36
what does the ECG for PVC look like
P wave is normally absent QRS has wide aberrent shape
37
what is v-tach (ventricular tachy)
3 or more consective PVCs at a ventriclar arte of >150 bpm p waves are absent and QRS are large and aberrent
38
what is the clinical sig of v-tach
life threatening if longer the 30 secs pt become hypotensive may progress to cardiac arrest
39
what is cardiac arrest
cardiac arrest is when a person's heart stops pumping blood around their body and they stop breathing normally.
40
what is ventrical fibrillation (V-FIB)
the ventricles do not beat in a coordinated fashion but fibrillate or quiver asynchronously and ineffectively
41
what does the ECG for v-fob look like
waves with a irregular pattern that is either coarse or fine wild waves
42
what are the clincial sig of v-fib
lengthy v-fib requires immediate defrillation
43
what is the point of defribillation
help your heart return to a normal rhythm when a potentially fatal arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) is happening in your heart's lower chambers (ventricles).
44
what is ventricle asytole
ventricle standstill w/ no rhythm
45
whta does the ECG of ventricular asytole look like
ECG records straight line pattern
46
what is the response to centricular asytole
immediate CPR and meds to stimulate cardiac activitu
47
what does a depressed ST segment indicate
sign of subendocardial ischemia
48
what does a elevated ST segment indicate
early signs of acute transmural infarction
49
what does a abnormal q wave indicate
infraction
50
what does an abnormal q wave look like
longer then 0.4 secs larger then 1/3 the amp of tthe R wave
51
when does t wave inversion occur
hours or days following MI
52
how to read the boxes of a ECG
Each large box represents 0.20 seconds there are five small boxes in each large box, thus each small box is equivalent to 0.04 seconds.
53
how do we determine HR from a ECG 6 sec strip
count the number of QRS complexes and multiply by 10 then you have bpm
54
what is the normal length of a PR interval
0.12 - .0.20
55
what is a normal QRS width
0.04 - 0.10

Summer NPTE Cradiopulm (15 decks)

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