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Summer NPTE Cradiopulm > cardiopulm 1 - general heart > Flashcards

cardiopulm 1 - general heart Flashcards

1
Q

what is the apex of the heart

A

the lowest part of the heart

inferior lateral part of the left ventricle

5th intercostal place, mid clavicular

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2
Q

what is the base of the heart

A

the upper border of the heart

left and right atrium and the proximal protion of the great vessels

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3
Q

what is the endocardium

A

the endothelial tissue that lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves

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4
Q

what is the epicardium

A

the serous layer of the pericardium

contiains epicardium cornary art and viens, automic nerves and lympahtics

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5
Q

what is the myocardium

A

the thick contractile middle layer of that forms the bulk of the heart wall

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6
Q

what is the function of the aorta

A

largest art in the body

central conduit of blood from the heart to the body

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7
Q

what is the inferior vena cava

A

returns body from the lower boduy to the right atrium

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8
Q

what is the superior vena cava

A

vien that returns blood from the head, neck, and arm to the right atrium

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9
Q

what are the pulmonary arteries

A

art that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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10
Q

what are pulmonary viens

A

viens that carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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11
Q

what is the function of the right chambers of the heart

A

right chambers - right atrium and ventricle

carry blood from the body and take it to the lungs to be oxygenated

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12
Q

what is the function of the left chambers of the heart

A

carry blood from the lungs (oxy) to the body

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13
Q

where is the AV valve located

A

between the atria and ventricle

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14
Q

what is the other name from the right AV valve

A

the tricupsib valve

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15
Q

what is another name for the left AV valve

A

the mitrial valve

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16
Q

what are the coranary arteries

A

a connection of art that carry oxy blood to the myocardium

arises from the ascending aorta

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17
Q

sinus node artery serves what part of the heart

A

right atrium

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18
Q

right marginal artv serves what part of the heart

A

right ventricle

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19
Q

the post descending art serves what part of the heart

A

inferior walls of both ventricles

inferior portion of the intraventriclar septum

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20
Q

the circumflex art serves what part of the heart

A

left artium

posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle

anterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle

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21
Q

the left ant descending art serves what part of the heart

A

anterior portion of the interventriclar septum

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22
Q

all of the cornary viens drain into what that leads where

A

coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium

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23
Q

what is included in the cardiac conduction system

A

SA node, AV node, common AV bunndle (bundle of his), left and right bundle branches, and purkinje fibers

do not require nerve stimulation - they have automaticity

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24
Q

what is the normal pace maker of the heart

A

the SA node

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25
Q

what other system can impact the conducability of the heart

A

the autonomic NS - vagus and cardiac nerve

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26
Q

sympathetic NS impact on the heart

A

increase rate of HR

epi and norepi release

27
Q

parasympathetic NS impact on the heart

A

decreased HR

acetylocholine

28
Q

what are chronotropic effects

A

change in heart rate

29
Q

what are ionotrophic effect

A

change in the force of contraction of the heart

30
Q

what is the baroreceptor reflex

A

these are mechanoreceptor that detect changes in pressure

this is the relfex in which BP is maintained

31
Q

bianbridge reflex

A

occurs when the heart rate increases in response to a rise in atrial pressure

a decrease in para activity

32
Q

what is the chemoreceptor reflex

A

cell loacted in the coratid body and the aortic body respond to chnages in pH status and blood oxy tension

stimulate resportory centers and increase the rate and depth of ventilation

33
Q

at what pressure or pH do chemoreceptors go off

A

pressure - less the 50 mmhg

pH- acidosis

34
Q

what is the valsava maneuver

A

forced expiration against a close glottis

35
Q

what is the result of the valsava maneuver

A

increase intrathoracic pressure and central venous pressure –> decrease in CO and BP

return an abnormal heart rhythm to normal.

36
Q

cardiac cycle - artial systole

A

contraction of the left and right atrium > blood into the ventricles

37
Q

cardiac cycle - artial diastole

A

the period between artial contractions when the artia are repolarizing

38
Q

cardiac cycle - ventricle systole

A

contraction of the left and right ventricles

39
Q

cardiac cycle - ventricle diastole

A

the period between ventricle contractions when the ventricles are repolarizing

40
Q

what is pre load

A

the tension in the venticle wall at the end of diastole

venoud filling pressure

41
Q

what is afterload

A

forces that stop the flow of blood out of the heart

42
Q

what is stroke volume

A

the volume of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle

43
Q

what is normal stroke volume

A

60 - 80 ml

44
Q

what is cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped from the left or right ventricle on one minute

CO = SV + HR

45
Q

what is normal CO

A

male: 4.5 - 5.0 L/min

female - LITTLE less

46
Q

what is venous return

A

the amount of blood that reurns to the right atrium per min

47
Q

what does blood carry

A

oxy, nutrients, and takes waste from the cells

48
Q

what is normal blood volume

A

4.5 - 5 L

49
Q

what is hypovolemia

A

decrease in blood volume

normally the blood plasma

50
Q

what are some causes of hypovolemia

A

bleeding
dehydration
vomiting
sweating
burns
diuretics

51
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of hypovolemia

A

ortho hypo

tachy

elevated body temp

52
Q

what are some causes of hypervolemia

A

excessive fluids

sodium of fluid retention (HF or kidney disease)

53
Q

what are some signs and symtoms fo hypervolemia

A

swelling of the legs

ascites

fluid in the lungs

54
Q

what is ascites

A

fluid in the abdomen

55
Q

what is plasma

A

this is the liquid component of blood - water, electrolytes,

the fluid in which blood cell and platelets are suspended

half of blood volume

56
Q

what is anemia

A

when the blood is not carring enough blood cells or the blood cells do not function properly

57
Q

what are platelets

A

thromobocytes

assist in blood clotting - clump together at a bleeding site and form a plug

58
Q

what problems does a low number of platelets lead to

A

bursing and abnormal bleeding

59
Q

what is is polucythemia

A

to many RBC

risk of stroke or heart attack

60
Q

what is difference between heart attack and heart failure

A

attack - when there is a loss of blood supply to the heart

failure - the heart fails to pump blood efficiently

61
Q

what is thrombocytopenia

A

when there is not enough platelets

62
Q

what is thrombocytothemia

A

when there are too many plateles

63
Q

what are leucocytes

A

WBC

64
Q

what is the function of WBC

A

fight against infection

low number of WBC increases the risk of infection

Summer NPTE Cradiopulm (15 decks)

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