cardiomyopathy Flashcards
what is cardiomyopathy?
cardio- heart
myo- muscle
pathy- disorder
can occur in ventricles or atria
3 common forms of cardiomyopathy?
hypertrophic
dilated
restrictive
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
thickened SEPTUM
-decreased chamber size
MOST common
mostly LEFT ventricle
muscle cells in wall INCREASE in SIZE
chamber cannot fill with as much blood= decreased CO
-thickened septum restricts aortic valve so blood cannot leave ventricle!
etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
50% autosomal dominant gene transferred to offspring
50% idiopathic
manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
most cases ASYMPTOMATIC
-because systolic function is normal
-can lead to SUDDEN death
if symptoms present: dyspnea, angina, syncope (fainting)
treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- negative inotrope (decrease workload)
- surgery (remove area obstructing aortic valve)
- alcohol septal ablation (introduce catheter and insert alcohol to small portion of heart muscle to kill obstruction)
what is dilated cardiomyopathy?
wall is stretched, LOST elasticity= LARGE chamber
AKA congestive cardiomyopathy b/c blood fills chamber, pools and moves out slowly
-ENOURMOUS ventricular enlargement (can be atria too)
decreased elasticity= DECREASED CO, decreased ejection fraction
what is ejection fraction?
percent of blood leaving in each contraction
dilated cardiomyopathy eventually leads to
heart failure
etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy?
complex trait and genetic and environmental factors
what is restricted cardiomyopathy?
WORST TYPE, least common
HARD rigid walls (decreased elasticity and ability to contract)
heart muscle is RIGID which prevents proper filling and emptying of chambers
DECREASED CO
