abnormal immune response Flashcards
3 major types of abnormal immune responses?
- immunodeficiency
- hypersensitivity
- autoimmunity
what is immunodeficiency?
-partial or complete loss of immune response
what are the 2 categories of immune response?
- antibody mediated (b cells)
- t cell response
immunodeficiency- which kind of response of the immune system is deficient?
either or! it could be one or the other or both
what is the primary immunodeficiency?
genetic or congenital
-immune system fails to develop (example the thymus)
what is secondary immunodeficiency?
acquired (post-natal)
- example: infection (AIDS, HIV destroy T helper cells)
- cancer treatment, some drugs
whats a primary disease?
stand alone disease, developed on its own
what is a secondary disease?
- pneumonia developing because of the flu, not a stand alone disease
- develops because of another diseas
what are the types of immunodeficiency (5)?
- B cell disorders–> impaired antibody production- either primary or secondary
- T cell disorder–> T cell function impaired
- T and B disorders–> nearly no immune response
- complement disorders (integral part of IR!)
- disorders of phagocytosis
treatment for immunodeficiency? (2)
- replacement therapy- giving the body antibodies (gamma globulins), supplementing the immune response
- marrow transplant?? if it is genetic or congenital
- very complex, usually last resort
what is hypersensitivity?
exaggerated/inappropriate immune response.. never better, always a problem
4 types of hypersensitivity? (4)
Type 1- Allergy or IgE mediated H
Type 2- cytotoxic or tissue specific H
Type 3- Immune complex H
Type 4- T cell mediated or delayed H
acronym for hypersensitivity types
ACID
difference between the first 3 types of hypersensitivity and type 4
first three types are driven by antibodies
-type 4 is mediated by the T cells
What is shock?
acute hypo-perfusion due to CV failure—> hypoxia, systemic
types of shock? (4)
cardiogenic
hypovolemic
obstructive
distributive
what is anaphylactic shock? what does it follow?
follows severe allergic reaction (type 1 H)
-will cause death unless reversed
process of anaphylactic shock?
1. allergen--> mediator released--> increased systemic vasodilation--> increased capillary permeability--> circulatory failure---> edema
what is septic shock?
similar to anaphylactic but follows severe infection
- also vasodilatory, multi organ failure
- extension of type 1 hypersensitivity
what is Type 1 hypersensitivity? (onset, why does it occur)
- common form
- mediated via IgE antibody, due to allergens
- acute onset, occurs within minutes
what happens the first time a person makes contact with an allergen?
Th2 cytokines produced (mediated b Il-4)--> B cell stimulation--> plasma cell formation ---> leads to production of antibodies ---> igE binds to the mast cell
what happens after re-exposure to an allergen?
allergen binds to IgE on mast cell—>
inflammation mediator release–>
inflammation (prostaglandin and histamine released at site of exposure)
—> at site, erythema, pruritus, swelling
what is type 2 hypersensitivity?
- mediated via IgG or IgM
- antigens are developed during development that are self, and non-self
- endo and exogenous antigens are mistargeted by antibodies
antigens- endogenous vs exogenous
endogenous are your antigens
exogenous are human antigens but they are from someone else so your body reacts to it
