Cardiology

Question 1

Well’s score indicating of high likelihood of VTE

Answer 1

3

Question 2

Pulmonary embolism 2D Echo finding

Answer 2

McConnell’s sign or hypokinesis of free RV wall

Question 3

Gold standard for diagnosis of PE

Answer 3

Invasive pulmonary angiogram

Question 4

Drug that should be avoided in aortic regurgitation

Answer 4

Beta blockers

This prolongs diastole, which is the period where regurgitation occurs

Question 5

Earliest CXR finding of mitral stenosis

Answer 5

Straightening of upper left border of cardiac silhouette

Question 6

Onset of _____ is the hallmark of disease progression in MS

Answer 6

Atrial fibrillation

Question 7

Most effective treatment for MS

Answer 7

Balloon valvuloplasty

Question 8

What is the average time of death after these following symptoms appear in aortic stenosis?
Syncope: ___
Angina pectoris: ____
Dyspnea: _____

Answer 8

Syncope: 3 years
Angina: 3 years
Dyspnea: 2 years

Question 9

Treatment of choice for aortic regurgitation:

Answer 9

Surgery within 24 hours of diagnosis

Question 10

Most common presenting symptoms of chronic, severe MR

Answer 10

Fatigue, orthopnea, dyspnea

Question 11

High-pitched diastolic decrescendo blowing murmur at LSB seen in pulmonary stenosis but can be caused by pulmo HPN as well:

Answer 11

Graham-Steele Murmur

Question 12

Chest pain types with the least likelihood of MI (from least likelihood going upwards)

Answer 12

Pleuritic pain -> Positional -> Sharp -> Reproducible with palpation -> Inframammary location

Question 13

Unifying theme of atherogenesis

Answer 13

Inflammation

Question 14

LDL goal for proven CAD

Answer 14

<100

Question 15

LDL goal for DM

Answer 15

<70

Question 16

Do not give nitrates if sildenafil has been given in the past ____ hours

Answer 16

24 hours

Question 17

The 2 first line medications for angina:

Answer 17

Beta blockers

ACE inhibitors

Question 18

Intervention of choice for single or two-vessel CAD with normal LV function

Answer 18

PCI

Question 19

Intervention of choice for left main artery CAD

Answer 19

CABG

Question 20

First cardiac marker to rise in MI

Answer 20

Myoglobin

Question 21

In MI, CK rises in _____ hours and returns to normal in _____ hours

Answer 21

Rises in 4-8 hours

Returns to normal in 48-72 hours

Question 22

Streptokinase is given as:

Answer 22

1.5M units IV over 1 hour

Question 23

Clear contraindications to fibrinolytic therapy:

Answer 23

1. Cerebrovascular hemorrhage at any time
2. Ischemic stroke or other cerebrovascular event in the past year
3. BP 180/110 mmHg or higher
4. Aortic dissection
5. Active internal bleeding

Question 24

Most common cause of diastolic HF (HFpEF)

Answer 24

Hypertension

Question 25

Most common cause of systolic HF (HFrEF)

Answer 25

Coronary artery disease

Question 26

Echocardiographic finding characteristic of HCMP

Answer 26

Systolic anterior motion (SAM)

Question 27

Most common type of cardiomyopathy

Answer 27

Dilated CMP

Question 28

Fluid needed to produce cardiac tamponade is as little as _____

Answer 28

200 mL

Question 29

Dilated CMP has an ejection fraction of:

Answer 29

<30%

Question 30

Pulsus paradoxus is more likely to be seen in:

Answer 30

Cardiac tamponade

Question 31

Kussmaul's sign is a prominent feature of:

Answer 31

Constrictive pericarditis

Question 32

Pericardial knock is a prominent feature of:

Answer 32

Constrictive pericarditis

Question 33

First line for treatment of PAD (increases claudication distance and improves quality of life)

Answer 33

Cilostazol

Question 34

Most common preventable cause of death among hospitalized patients

Answer 34

PE

Question 35

Most common acquired cause of thrombophilia and associated with venous/arterial thrombosis

Answer 35

APAS

Question 36

Classic signs of PE

Answer 36

Tachycardia, low-grade fever, neck vein distension

Question 37

Most frequent symptom of PE

Answer 37

Dyspnea

Question 38

Hallmarks of massive PE

Answer 38

Dyspnea, syncope, hypotension

Question 39

Most common ECG abnormality in PE

Answer 39

T wave inversion in leads V1-V4

Question 40

The only FDA-approved indication for PE fibrinolysis

Answer 40

Massive PE

Question 41

Name the 4 statin benefit groups:

Answer 41

1. Clinical ASCVD 2. LDL-C >190 w/o secondary cause 3. Primary prevention with DM: Age 40-75 nd LDL-C 70-189 4. Primary prevention w/o DM: Age 40-75 with 10 year ASCVD risk of >=7.5%

Question 42

Treatment agent for dyslipidemia that is a PCSK9 inhibitor

Answer 42

Evolocumab

Question 43

Treatment agent for dyslipidemia that is a CETP inhibitor

Answer 43

Torcetrapib

Question 44

Systolic leg pressures are usually ____ mmHg higher than the arms

Answer 44

20 mmHg

Question 45

This scoring system predicts occurrence of stroke in AF

Answer 45

CHA2DS2 VASc Score

Question 46

Minor criteria in Duke's Criteria

Answer 46

``` FIVEPM Fever Immunologic Vascular ECG Predisposing condition Microbiological ```

Question 47

In IE, the following are associated with increased embolization: Endocarditis caused by [Organism] Vegetations >__mm in diameter Infections involving _____ valve

Answer 47

S. aureus >10 mm diameter vegetation Mitral valve

Question 48

Most common primary malignant pericardial tumor

Answer 48

Mesothelioma

Question 49

Most common tumor of the valves

Answer 49

Papillary fibroelastomas

Question 50

Most common cause of HF in industrialized countries

Answer 50

CAD

Question 51

T OR F: Dyspnea on exertion is a major criteria of Framingham.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

Treatment options for severe chorea in RF (2)

Answer 52

Carbamazepine and valproic acid

Question 53

Most important bedside measurement from which to evaluate fluid status

Answer 53

JVP

Question 54

Most common cause of a midsystolic murmur in an adult

Answer 54

Aortic stenosis

Question 55

Mainstay of treatment for control of rotatory vertigo

Answer 55

Low salt diet (2g/day)

Question 56

2 mainstays of anti-ischemic treatment in NSTE-ACS

Answer 56

Nitrates, beta blockers

Question 57

Drug of choice for SVT with heart disease

Answer 57

IV amiodarone

Question 58

Drug of choice for cholesterol-lowering in children and in women of childbearing age, pregnant, or could be pregnant

Answer 58

Bile-acid sequestrants

Question 59

Gold standard for evaluating and identifying renal artery lesions

Answer 59

Contrast arteriography

Question 60

ABI ratio diagnostic of PAD

Answer 60

<0.9

Question 61

Cardiovascular risk in hypertension doubles every ___mmHg increase in SBP and ____mmHg increase in DBP

Answer 61

20 mmHg, 10 mmHg