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Pharmacology > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs under Thiazides?
What does it inhibit?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
it inhibits Na+/cl- transporter in DCT

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2
Q

Side effect of Thiazides?

A

HYPER-GLUC

Hyperglycemia,
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia

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3
Q

Loop Diuretic drugs?
What does it inhibit?

A

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid
Inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in TAL

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4
Q

S/E of Loop Diuretics?

A

OH DANG

Ototoxicity
HypOkalemia
Dehydration
Allergy to sulfa
Nephritis
Gout

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5
Q

Which among the loop diuretics is NOT A SULFUR DERIVATIVE?

A

Etharcrynic acid

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6
Q

what diuretics act on the PCT?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor –> bicarbonate reabsorption is blocked, Na and HCO3 is excreted

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7
Q

drugs under K sparing diuretics?
common S/E of it

A

aldosterone antagonist: Spironolactone and Eplerenone
S/E: Gynecomastia (Spiro)

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8
Q

what happens in K sparing diuretics?

A

inhibition of aldosterone receptor –> inhibit sodium reabsorption and K secretion –> Hyperkalemia

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9
Q

Drugs that used to control BP in pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Labetolol

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10
Q

Drug that alters INTRACELLULAR CA2+ METABOLISM? Vasodilates Arterioles –> decrease afterload

A

Hydralizine

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11
Q

Captopril inhibits ACE and formation of Angiotensin II. Common S/E?

A

Cough and Angioedema

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12
Q

NDHP CCB drugs?
commonly used for?

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem
USed for SVT
S/E: gingival hyperplasia

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13
Q

Which CCB is Vascular>Cardiac?
MOA?

A

DHP, amlodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine
Block L-type Ca Channel

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14
Q

Drugs induced-Lupus?
under what Phase?

A

HIPP ——- under PHASE 2 - Acetylation
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Peniccillamide

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15
Q

formula for BP?

A

BP = CO x Total PR

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16
Q

Antidote for Cyanide toxicity?

A

Inhalational Amyl nitrites
IV sodium Nitrite
IV sodium thiosulfate

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17
Q

DOC for anti-hypertensive pregnant?

A

Methyldopa

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18
Q

What is a Monday Disease?

A

Occupational exposure to NITRATES
Nitrates –> meningeal BV vasodilation –> inc ICP –> headache

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19
Q

what happens when nitrates + sildenafil?

A

Nitrates release NO –> activates guanylyl cyclase –> increase cGMP
Sildenafil –> inc cGMP
causes to HYPOTENSION –> death

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20
Q

Which is among CCB is more Cardioselective?

A

Non DHP: Verapamil and Diltiazem

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21
Q

beta-blocker used in Acute or Chronic Heart Failure?

A

Used in Chronic Heart Failure to control HR; not for Acute cause it depresses more the heart

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22
Q

what are the Cardiac Glycoside?
under what type of drug?

A

Digoxin, Digitoxin
Positive Inotropes
Inhibit Na/K/ATPase, inc intracellular Ca, inc cardiac contractility

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23
Q

electrolyte derangement in Digoxin?

A

KMO2 Ca

HypoKalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Low oxygen
Hypercalcemia

24
Q

What enzyme does Sacubitril inhibits?

A

Neprilysin enzyme - it degrades the atrial and brain natriuretic peptide – 2 BP lowering peptides –> reduces the volume

25
Q

First line treatment for systolic and diastolic failure?

A

Diuretics:
Furosemide - immediate reduction of pulmonary congestion
Spironolactone - long term benefit

26
Q

Drugs with Narrow therapeutic Index

A

Warfarin
Aminoglycosides
Lithium
Amphotericin B
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Vancomycin
Theophylline
Digoxin

27
Q

MOA : Singh-Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS I
CLASS II
CLASS III
CLASS IV

A

Class I - Na blocker
Class II - beta adrenoceptor blocker
Class III - K blocker
Class IV - Ca blocker

28
Q

which among the class I anti arrhythmic has Prolong AP?

A

IA: prolong AP
IB: shorten AP
IC: no effect

29
Q

Class IA Antiarrhythmic drugs?
and S/E?

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
Lupus-like syndrome - Procainamide
Cinchonism - Quinidine

30
Q

CLASS IB drugs?

A

Lidocaine, Phenytoin, Tocainide, Mexilitine
DOC for ventricular arrhythmia

31
Q

which class has the most arrhythmogenic?
what are these drugs?
Used for?

A

Class 1C
Propafenone, Flecainaide, Encainide, Moricizine
USed for Refractory arrhythmia

32
Q

What are the Phases of heart and its corresponding Class?

A

Phase 0 - Class I
Phase 4 - Class II
Phase 3- Class III
Phase 2 - Class IV

33
Q

hallmark of the Class III arrhythmic?
ECG morpho?

A

prolongation of the AP duration
ECG: increase QT interval

34
Q

most efficacious of all arrhythmic drugs but has toxicity
what its Toxicity?

A

Amiodarone Toxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis
Paresthesia
Tremors
Thyroid Function
Corneal deposits
Skin deposits

35
Q

ECG morpho of Class IV arrhythmic drugs?

A

Increased PR interval

36
Q

DOC for paroxysmal SVT

A

Adenosine
has a very shortest 1/2 life

37
Q

Causes of HAGMA?

A

MUDPILES

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
Isoniazid, Iron
Lactic Acid
Ethanol, Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

38
Q

Causes NAGMA?

A

Hyperalimentation
Acetazolamide
RTA
Diarrhea
Ureteral Diversion
Pancreatic fistula

39
Q

Mannitol is ______ Diuretic
MOA
Used for

A

Osmotic Diuretic
MOA: inc osmotic gradient in PCT and descending LOH
Used in increased ICP

40
Q

Drugs that inhibits HMG-COA reductase
S/E?

A

Statins
S/E: Myopathy, Rhabdomyolysis

41
Q

Fibrates + Statins =

A

Myopathy, Rhabdomyolysis

42
Q

Niacin MOA?

A

Dec catabolism and apoA-1
Dec VLDL synthesis and secretion
effective in inc HDL

43
Q

Dyslipidemia drugs that activates PPAR-a stimulating expression of lipoprotein lipase

A

Fibrates
DOC for Hypertriglyceridemia

44
Q

first line drugs for Chronic Heart failure

A

Angiotensin Antagonist

45
Q

ECG morphology pf Torsades de pointes

A

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

46
Q

Uses for thyrotoxic arrhythmia

47
Q

Most efficacious of ALL antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Amiodarone

48
Q

MOA of Cholesterol absorption inhibitor?
S/E?

A

Inhibits NPC1L1 transporter
Hepatotoxic

49
Q

Amiodarone toxicity

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis
Paresthesia
Tremors
Thyroid Dysfunction
Corneal deposits
Skin deposits

50
Q

Diuretic agent that can cause Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - Acetazolamide
Aldosterone antagonist - Spironolactone

51
Q

Can cause Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Thiazide Diuretics

52
Q

DOC Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin
Simvastatin, Atorvastatin

53
Q

WOF!!
Statin + Fibrate =

A

Statin + Fibrate = rhabdomyolysis, myopathy

54
Q

Increases HDL cholesterol

55
Q

DOC for Hypertriglyceridemia

56
Q

WOF: Statin + Resin =

A

Statin + Resin = impaired statin absorption

57
Q

Resin + Fibrate =

A

Resin + Fibrate = cholelithiasis

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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