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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs under Thiazides?
What does it inhibit?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
it inhibits Na+/cl- transporter in DCT

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2
Q

Side effect of Thiazides?

A

HYPER-GLUC

Hyperglycemia,
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia

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3
Q

Loop Diuretic drugs?
What does it inhibit?

A

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid
Inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in TAL

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4
Q

S/E of Loop Diuretics?

A

OH DANG

Ototoxicity
HypOkalemia
Dehydration
Allergy to sulfa
Nephritis
Gout

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5
Q

Which among the loop diuretics is NOT A SULFUR DERIVATIVE?

A

Etharcrynic acid

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6
Q

what diuretics act on the PCT?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor –> bicarbonate reabsorption is blocked, Na and HCO3 is excreted

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7
Q

drugs under K sparing diuretics?
common S/E of it

A

aldosterone antagonist: Spironolactone and Eplerenone
S/E: Gynecomastia (Spiro)

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8
Q

what happens in K sparing diuretics?

A

inhibition of aldosterone receptor –> inhibit sodium reabsorption and K secretion –> Hyperkalemia

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9
Q

Drugs that used to control BP in pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Labetolol

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10
Q

Drug that alters INTRACELLULAR CA2+ METABOLISM? Vasodilates Arterioles –> decrease afterload

A

Hydralizine

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11
Q

Captopril inhibits ACE and formation of Angiotensin II. Common S/E?

A

Cough and Angioedema

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12
Q

NDHP CCB drugs?
commonly used for?

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem
USed for SVT
S/E: gingival hyperplasia

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13
Q

Which CCB is Vascular>Cardiac?
MOA?

A

DHP, amlodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine
Block L-type Ca Channel

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14
Q

Drugs induced-Lupus?
under what Phase?

A

HIPP ——- under PHASE 2 - Acetylation
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Peniccillamide

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15
Q

formula for BP?

A

BP = CO x Total PR

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16
Q

Antidote for Cyanide toxicity?

A

Inhalational Amyl nitrites
IV sodium Nitrite
IV sodium thiosulfate

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17
Q

DOC for anti-hypertensive pregnant?

A

Methyldopa

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18
Q

What is a Monday Disease?

A

Occupational exposure to NITRATES
Nitrates –> meningeal BV vasodilation –> inc ICP –> headache

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19
Q

what happens when nitrates + sildenafil?

A

Nitrates release NO –> activates guanylyl cyclase –> increase cGMP
Sildenafil –> inc cGMP
causes to HYPOTENSION –> death

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20
Q

Which is among CCB is more Cardioselective?

A

Non DHP: Verapamil and Diltiazem

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21
Q

beta-blocker used in Acute or Chronic Heart Failure?

A

Used in Chronic Heart Failure to control HR; not for Acute cause it depresses more the heart

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22
Q

what are the Cardiac Glycoside?
under what type of drug?

A

Digoxin, Digitoxin
Positive Inotropes
Inhibit Na/K/ATPase, inc intracellular Ca, inc cardiac contractility

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23
Q

electrolyte derangement in Digoxin?

A

KMO2 Ca

HypoKalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Low oxygen
Hypercalcemia

24
Q

What enzyme does Sacubitril inhibits?

A

Neprilysin enzyme - it degrades the atrial and brain natriuretic peptide – 2 BP lowering peptides –> reduces the volume

25
First line treatment for systolic and diastolic failure?
Diuretics: Furosemide - immediate reduction of pulmonary congestion Spironolactone - long term benefit
26
Drugs with Narrow therapeutic Index
Warfarin Aminoglycosides Lithium Amphotericin B Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Vancomycin Theophylline Digoxin
27
MOA : Singh-Vaughan Williams Classification: CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III CLASS IV
Class I - Na blocker Class II - beta adrenoceptor blocker Class III - K blocker Class IV - Ca blocker
28
which among the class I anti arrhythmic has Prolong AP?
IA: prolong AP IB: shorten AP IC: no effect
29
Class IA Antiarrhythmic drugs? and S/E?
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide Lupus-like syndrome - Procainamide Cinchonism - Quinidine
30
CLASS IB drugs?
Lidocaine, Phenytoin, Tocainide, Mexilitine DOC for ventricular arrhythmia
31
which class has the most arrhythmogenic? what are these drugs? Used for?
Class 1C Propafenone, Flecainaide, Encainide, Moricizine USed for Refractory arrhythmia
32
What are the Phases of heart and its corresponding Class?
Phase 0 - Class I Phase 4 - Class II Phase 3- Class III Phase 2 - Class IV
33
hallmark of the Class III arrhythmic? ECG morpho?
prolongation of the AP duration ECG: increase QT interval
34
most efficacious of all arrhythmic drugs but has toxicity what its Toxicity?
Amiodarone Toxicity Pulmonary fibrosis Paresthesia Tremors Thyroid Function Corneal deposits Skin deposits
35
ECG morpho of Class IV arrhythmic drugs?
Increased PR interval
36
DOC for paroxysmal SVT
Adenosine has a very shortest 1/2 life
37
Causes of HAGMA?
MUDPILES Methanol Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Isoniazid, Iron Lactic Acid Ethanol, Ethylene glycol Salicylates
38
Causes NAGMA?
Hyperalimentation Acetazolamide RTA Diarrhea Ureteral Diversion Pancreatic fistula
39
Mannitol is ______ Diuretic MOA Used for
Osmotic Diuretic MOA: inc osmotic gradient in PCT and descending LOH Used in increased ICP
40
Drugs that inhibits HMG-COA reductase S/E?
Statins S/E: Myopathy, Rhabdomyolysis
41
Fibrates + Statins =
Myopathy, Rhabdomyolysis
42
Niacin MOA?
Dec catabolism and apoA-1 Dec VLDL synthesis and secretion effective in inc HDL
43
Dyslipidemia drugs that activates PPAR-a stimulating expression of lipoprotein lipase
Fibrates DOC for Hypertriglyceridemia
44
first line drugs for Chronic Heart failure
Angiotensin Antagonist
45
ECG morphology pf Torsades de pointes
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
46
Uses for thyrotoxic arrhythmia
Esmolol
47
Most efficacious of ALL antiarrhythmic drugs
Amiodarone
48
MOA of Cholesterol absorption inhibitor? S/E?
Inhibits NPC1L1 transporter Hepatotoxic
49
Amiodarone toxicity
Pulmonary Fibrosis Paresthesia Tremors Thyroid Dysfunction Corneal deposits Skin deposits
50
Diuretic agent that can cause Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - Acetazolamide Aldosterone antagonist - Spironolactone
51
Can cause Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
Thiazide Diuretics
52
DOC Hypercholesterolemia
Statin Simvastatin, Atorvastatin
53
WOF!! Statin + Fibrate =
Statin + Fibrate = rhabdomyolysis, myopathy
54
Increases HDL cholesterol
Niacin
55
DOC for Hypertriglyceridemia
56
WOF: Statin + Resin =
Statin + Resin = impaired statin absorption
57
Resin + Fibrate =
Resin + Fibrate = cholelithiasis

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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