Anti-bacterial Drugs Flashcards
MOA of beta lactam antibacterial agents
inhibits transpeptidation reaction that cross-links the linear peptidoglycan chain of the cell all
DOC for syphilis, streptococcal, pneumococcal, meningococcal, , G+ bacilli, sipirochete infection
Penicillins
antistaphylococcal or known as
Isoxazolyl Penicillin (Methicillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin)
Antimicrobial coverage of extended spectrum Penicillin (Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
HELPSE
H. Influenzae
E. coli
L. monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella sp
Enterococci
First Gen has coverage for Gram + and little Gram -. what are these gram negative organism that is covered
P.Ec.K
Psedumonas
Enterobacter
Klebsiella
Diseases associated with Pseudomonas:
PSEUDOMONAS
Pneumonia
Sepsis
Ecthyma gangrenosum
UTI
DM
Mucopolysaccharidoses - Cystic and fibrosis
Osteomyelitis
Nosocomial infection - HAP and VAP
Skin Infection - burns and hot tub folliculitis
Cephalosporin: Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
All Cephalosporin have renal excretion, except:
Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone (3G)
microbes covered by 2G cephalosporin?
HEN PEcK
H. influenzae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria spp
P. mirabilis
Ec. coli
K. pneumoniae
DOC for gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone and Cefixime
3G cephalosporin with anti-pseudomonal property:
Cefoperazone - Ceftazidime
Carbapenem active against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, except:
Ertapenem
A drug describe as the silver bullet –> design for gram negative rods?
Aztreonam
MOA of Clavulanic Acid?
Inhibits inactivation of Penicillins by bacterial beta lactamase
Use of Vancomycin?
Serious infection: MRSA, sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis, Pseudomembranous colitis
Common side effect of Vancomycin?
Red man syndrome
Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors:
AT CELLS
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincosamides
Linezolid
Streptogramins
All bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors are Bacteriostatic, except:
Aminoglycosides - Streptogramins
Common side effect of Chloramphenicol?
Gray baby syndrome
MOA of Tetracycline?
Binds to 30s ribosomal subunit
Drugs under class Macrolide?
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Telithromycin
Roxithromycin
All macrolide inhibit CYP450, except
Azithromycin
Class of Clindamycin?
Lincosamides
Drug that is against anaerobic infection ABOVE the diaphragm:
Clindamycin
Drug that is against anaerobic infection BELOW the diaphragm:
Metronidazole
Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin and Tobramycin
Most Ototoxic Aminoglycoside
Kanamycin - Amikacin
DOC for Toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine
MOA of Quinolones
Interferes in the bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) in gram - and Topoisomerase IV in gram +
1G of Quinolones and its coverage
Nalidixic acid - Cinoxacin - Rosoxacin - Oxolinic acid
UTI
2G of Quinolones and its coverage
Ciprofloxacin - Ofloxacin - Norfloxacin - Lomefloxacin - Enoxacin
Gram -, gram + cocci, Mycoplasma, Gonococci
3G Quinolones and its coverage
Levofloxacin, Gemi, Moxi, Spar, Grepa, Gati, Pazu, Tosu, Balo
Streptococci and Enterococci
4G of Quinolones and its coverage
Trovafloxacin, Alatro, Pruli, Clina
Anaerobes
Generation of Quinolones that are known as Respiratory Quinolones
3G
Elimination of Quinolones is via kidney by tubular secretion, except
Moxifloxacin
Effect of 3G Quinolones in Cardio
prolongs QT (3G and 4G)
DOC for Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Pseudomembranous colitis
Metronidazole
Which among the first line drugs of anti-mycobateria has a sterilizing agent?
Pyrazinamide
which among anti-TB drugs has the most hepatotoxic effect?
Pyrazinamide > Rifampin > Isoniazid