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YEAR 2 > Cardiologie > Flashcards

Cardiologie Flashcards

1
Q

Quelles sont les différentes couches de la barrière du coeur? (5 couches)

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. pericardial space
  4. Parietal pericardium
  5. Fibrous pericardium
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2
Q

What is the pulmonairy pressure of the left ventrical vs. the right ventrical?

A

The force the right ventricle must overcome, is only 15 mm Hg, whereas the mean arterial pressure the left ventricle must pump against is about 92 mm Hg.

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3
Q

What is the name of the valve in the right ventricle?

A

Valve tricuspide

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4
Q

What is the name of the valve in the left ventricle?

A

Valve mitrale

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5
Q

What are the names of the 4 heart valves?

A
  1. valve mitrale
  2. valve tricuspide
  3. valve de l’aorte
  4. valve du tronc pulmonaire
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6
Q

Where is the action potential generated in the heart?

A

Il est générer au noeud sinusal.

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7
Q

What are the steps of the heart conductions? (4 étapes)

A
  1. potentiel d’action dans les noeuds sinusal
  2. propagation dans les parois des 2 oreillettes
  3. propagation vers Noeud AV
  4. potentiel se rend au myocarde ventriculaire via le faisceau de His et les fibres de Purkinje
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8
Q

What are pacemaker cells?

A

They are specialized cells that enable it to generate and transmit action potentials without input from the nervous system. The pacemaker cells are concentrated at two sites, or nodes, in the myocardium.

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9
Q

T or F: Are neural impulses needed to maintain cardiac cycle?

A

Neural impulses are NOT needed to maintain the cardiac cycle.

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10
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

At the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava, just superior to the tricuspid valve

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11
Q

T or F : only sympathetic nerve fibers innervate the SA nodes

A

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers heavily innervate the SA node.

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12
Q

Where is the AV node located

A

It is located in the right atrial wall superior to the tricuspid valve and anterior to the ostium of the coronary sinus

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13
Q

Conducting fibers from wich node form the bundle of His

A

atrioventricular node (AV node)

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14
Q

Where does the left anterior bundle branch (LABB) pass through?

A

The left anterior bundle branch (LABB) passes the left anterior papillary muscle and the base of the left ventricle and crosses the aortic outflow tract.

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15
Q

What is the first area of the ventricles to be exited from the Purkinje Fibers?

A

The first areas of the ventricles to be excited are portions of the interventricular septum.

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16
Q

T or F : is the septum is activated from both the RBB and the LBB?

A

The septum IS activated from both the RBB and the LBB.

17
Q

Wich part of the ventricles are the last to be activated by the action potential?

A

The basal and posterior portions of the ventricles are the last to be activated.

18
Q

Wich ions are the most commun during cardiac action potential

A
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • chloride
19
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of myocardial cells?

A

The resting membrane potential of myocardial cells is between −80 and−90 mV,

20
Q

What is the resting potential of the SA node?

A

The SA node is between −50 and −60 mV

21
Q

What is the resting potential of the AV node?

A

The AV node is between −60 and −70 mV

22
Q

During depolarization what part of the cell becomes negatively charged?

A

During depolarization, the inside of the cell becomes less negatively charged.

23
Q

What is a threshold?

A

Threshold is the point at which the cell membrane’s selective permeability to these ions is temporarily disrupted, leading to an “all or nothing” depolarization.

24
Q

What is a refractory period and when does it happen?

A

A refractory period is a time where no new cardiac action potential can be initiated regardless of the stimulus, that follows depolarization.

A relative refractory period occurs near the end of repolarization

25
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

The PR interval is a measure of time from the onset of atrial activation to the onset of ventricular activation.
The PR interval represents the time necessary for electrical activity to travel from the sinus node through the atrium, AV node, and His–Purkinje system to activate ventricular myocardial cells. (0.12 to 0.20 second)

26
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

The QRS complex represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization (0.06 and 0.10 second)

27
Q

What happens during the ST interval?

A

During the ST interval, the entire ventricular myocardium is depolarized (0.4 second)

28
Q

What is the T wave?

A

The T wave represents ventricular repolarization.

29
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

QT interval is sometimes called the “electrical systole” of the ventricles.

30
Q

What are the cells capable of spontaneous depolarization?

A

Automatic cells

31
Q

Wich node sets the rythme pace

A

The SA node sets the pace because normally it has the fastest rate.

32
Q

T or F : arterial vessels transport blood AWAY away from the heart?

A

TRUE

33
Q

What are arterial walls built of?

A

Arterial walls are composed of :
- elastic connective tissue
- fibrous connective tissue
- smooth muscle

34
Q

Elastic arteries, such as the aorta, the branches of the aorta, and the trunk of the pulmonary artery, have a thick ________________ with more elastic fibres than smooth muscle fibres.

A

tunica media

35
Q

When does an artery become an arteriole?

A

An artery becomes an arteriole where the diameter of its lumen narrows to less than 0.5 mm.

36
Q

The capillary network is composed of connective channels called _____________.

A

metarterioles

37
Q

Cappilaries are composed of what type of cells?

A

Capillaries are composed solely of a layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basement membrane.

38
Q

Why do capillaries have a unique structure?

A

Their thin walls and unique structure make possible the rapid exchange of water and small (low molecular weight) soluble molecules.

39
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate from and receive from in the heart?

A

The coronary arteries originate at the upper edge of the aortic semilunar valve cusps and receive blood through openings in the aorta called the coronary ostia.

YEAR 2 (12 decks)

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