Cardio3

Question 1

What supplies the SA and AV nodes?

Answer 1

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

Question 2

The artery that supplies the ____________ determines the coronary dominance.

Answer 2

Posterior Descending/Interventricular Artery (PD)

Question 3

Right-dominant circulation.

Answer 3

85%

PD arises from the RCA

Question 4

Left-dominant circulation.

Answer 4

8%

PD arises from Left Circumflex artery (LCX)

Question 5

Codominant circulation.

Answer 5

7%

PD arises from both LCX & RCA

Question 6

Coronary artery occlusion most commonly occurs in the __________.

Answer 6

Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD)

Question 7

Coronary arteries fill during _________.

Answer 7

Diastole

Question 8

What is the most Posterior part of heart?

Answer 8

Left Atrium

Question 9

Signs and symptoms of an enlarged Left Atrium.

Answer 9

Dysphagia (compression of esophagus)

Hoarseness (compression of left recurrent laryngeal n., a branch of Vagus.

Question 10

What technique is used for diagnosing a left atrial enlargment?

Answer 10

Transesophageal echocardiogram

*also for aortic dissection, thoracic aortic aneurysm

Question 11

What supplies the Right ventricle?

Answer 11

Acute marginal artery

Question 12

What supplies the lateral and posterior walls of the left ventricle?

Answer 12

Left circumflex coronary artery (LCX)

Question 13

What does the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery supply?

Answer 13

Anterior 2/3 of Interventricular septum
Anterior papillary muscle
Anterior surface of Left ventricle

Question 14

What does the Posterior Descending/Interventricular artery (PD) supply?

Answer 14

Posterior 1/3 of Interventricular septum

Posterior walls of ventricles

Question 15

Equation for Cardiac Output (CO).

Answer 15

CO = Stroke volume x Heart rate

CO = SV x HR

Question 16

What is the Fick principle?

Answer 16

CO = rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content)

Question 17

How do you calculate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP).

Answer 17

MAP = CO x Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Question 18

MAP = ___ diastolic pressure + ___ systolic pressure

Answer 18

MAP = 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

Question 19

Pulse pressure =

Answer 19

Pulse pressure = systolic - diastolic

Question 20

Pulse pressure is proportional to what?

Answer 20

Stroke volume

Question 21

Stroke Volume (SV) =

Answer 21

SV = CO/HR = End Diastolic Vol - End Systolic Vol

SV = CO/HR = EDV - ESV

Question 22

How is CO maintained during the Early stages of exercise?

Answer 22

INcreased HR & INcreased SV

Question 23

How is CO maintained during Late stages of exercise?

Answer 23

INcreased HR only (SV plateaus)

Question 24

What happens if HR is too high?

Answer 24

Diastolic filling is incomplete

CO DEcreases