Cardio16

Question 1

What are the types of cardiomyopathies?

Answer 1

Dilated (congestive)
Hypertrophic
Restrictive/obliterative

Question 2

What is the most common cardiomyopathy?

Answer 2

Dilated (90%)

Question 3

What are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 3

“ABCCCD”

Alcohol abuse
Beriberi (wet)
Coxsackie B virus myocarditis
Cocaine (chronic use)
Chagas' disease
Doxorubicin toxicity (TX for Hodgkin's)

*also - hemochromatosis, peripartum cardiomyopathy

Question 4

What are the clinical findings of dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

• S3 (S4 can also be heard - ventricular overload)
• Dilated heart on ultrasound
• Balloon appearance on ultrasound

Question 5

What type of cardiomyopathy is the cause of sudden death in young athletes?

Answer 5

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 6

What is the pathophysiology of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 6

Hypertrophied interventricular septum is “too close” to MITRAL Valve lealet

• Leads to outflow tract obstruction
• Systolic murmur
• Syncopal episodes

Question 7

What is the majority of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies due to?

Answer 7

familial - Autosomal Dominant

Question 8

What is the most common mutation leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 8

ß-myosin heavy chain mutation

Question 9

What genetic disorder is associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 9

Friedreich’s ataxia

Question 10

What are the clinical findings in Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 10

• Normal-sized heart
• S4
• Apical impulses
• Systolic murmur

Question 11

What are the major causes of Restrictive/Obliterative Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 11

• Sarcoidosis
• Amyloidosis
• Postradiation fibers
• Endocardial fibroelastosis
• Loeffler’s syndrome
• Hemochromatosis

Question 12

What is Loffler’s syndrome?

Answer 12

Endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent EOSINOPHILIC infiltrate

Question 13

Systolic or Diastolic Dysfunction:

• Dilated (congestive) -
• Hypertrophic -
• Restrictive/Obliterative -

Answer 13

Systolic or Diastolic Dysfunction:

• Dilated (congestive) - Systolic
• Hypertrophic - Diastolic
• Restrictive/Obliterative - Diastolic

Question 14

What is Eccentric hypertrophy?

Answer 14

Sarcomeres added in series

*Seen in Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy

Question 15

What is Concentric hypertrophy?

Answer 15

Sarcomeres added in parallel

*Seen in Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy