Cardio17 Flashcards
Heart Failure Acute pericarditis Cardiac Tamponade Syphilitic Heart dz Cardiac tumors Kussmaul's sign
What are the clinical symptoms and signs of Congestive Heart Failure?
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Edema
Rales
What is the most common cause of Right-sided heart failure?
Left-sided heart failure
What is Isolated Right-sided heart failure usually caused by?
Cor Pulmonale
What is the cause of cardiac dilation?
Greater Ventricular End-Diastolic volume
What is the cause of Dyspnea on Exertion?
Failure of Cardiac Output to INcrease during exercise
WHat causes Pulmonary edema & paroxysmal dyspnea (left-heart failure)?
1-INcreased pulmonary venous pressure
2-Pulmonary venous distention and transudation of fluid
What is found in the lungs in pulmonary edema and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages
*“heart-failure” cells
What is Orthopnea?
Shortness of breath when supine
What causes orthopnea?
INcreased venous return in supine position exacerbates pulmonary vascular congestion
Hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, and jugular venous distention are all associated with what?
Right-sided Heart Failure
What causes hepatosplenomegaly?
1-INcreased venous pressure
2-INcreased Resistance to Portal Flow
*rarely leads to “cardiac cirrhosis”
How does acute pericarditis commonly present?
Sharp pain - aggravated by INSPIRATION
RELIEVED by Sitting Up and Leaning Forward
*Friction rub
What are the ECG changes seen on acute pericarditis?
Widespread ST Elevation and/or PR Depression
What are the 3 types of acute pericarditis?
Fibrinous
Serous
Suppurative/purulent
What causes fibrinous pericarditis?
Dressler’s syndrome
Uremia
Radiation
*presents with LOUD friction fub
What causes serous pericarditis?
Viral (often resolves spontaneously)
Noninfectious inflammatory diseases (e.g., RA, SLE)
What causes Cardiac Tamponade?
Compression of heart by fluid (e.g., blood, effusions) in pericardium
-leads to DEcreased CO
*Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers
What are the findings in Cardiac Tamponade?
Hypotension INcreased Venous pressure Distant heart sounds INcreased HR Pulsus paradoxus
What is Pulsus Paradoxus?
-DEcreased amplitude of systolic blood pressure by ≥ 10 mmHg during Inspiration
What conditions do you Pulsus Paradoxus?
- Severe cardiac tamponade
- Asthma
- Obstructive Sleep apnea
- Pericarditis
- Croup
What is syphilitic heart disease?
3˚ syphilis disrupts the Vasa Vasorum of the AORTA
- Atrophy of the vessel wall
- Dilation of Aorta and Valve ring
What are the pathologic findings of syphilitic heart disease?
Calcifications of the Aortic Root & Ascending Aortic Arch
-Leads to “TREE BARK” appearance of the Aorta
What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults?
Myxoma (amorphous extracellular matrix)
What is the most frequent primary cardiac tumor in children?
Rhabdomyomas
