Cardio1 Flashcards

Embryology

1
Q

Truncus arteriosus (TA) gives rise to.

A

Ascending aorta & Pulmonary Trunk

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2
Q

Bulbus cordis gives rise to.

A

Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right VENTRICLES

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3
Q

The Primitive Ventricle gives rise to.

A

Trabeculated left and right Ventricles

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4
Q

The Primitive Atria gives rise to.

A

Trabeculated left and right Atria

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5
Q

The Left Horn of Sinus Venosus (SV) gives rise to.

A

Coronary sinus

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6
Q

The Right Horn of the Sinus Venosus (SV) gives rise to.

A

Smooth part of Right Atrium

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7
Q

The Right Common Cardinal Vein & Right Anterior Cardinal Vein give rise to.

A

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

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8
Q

Describe the development of the Truncus Arteriosus.

A

Neural Crest Migration
Truncal & Bulbar ridges Spiral and Fuse
Form the Aorticopulmonary (AP) Septum
Ascending Aorta & Pulmonary Trunk

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9
Q

What pathologies are associated with the Truncus Arteriosus?

A
Transposition of the Great Vessels
  - failure to spiral
Tetralogy of Fallot
  - skewed AP septum development
Persistant TA
  - Partial AP septum development
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10
Q

3 stages of Interventricular Septum Development.

A

1-Muscular ventricular septum forms
*opening - interventricular foramen
2-AP septum Rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum; closes interventricular septum
*forms membranous interventricular septum
3-Growth of Endocardial Cushions separates Atria from Ventricles

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11
Q

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome?

A

Membranous septal defect that causes an initial left-to-right shunt, which later reverses to a right-to-left shunt due to onset of Pulmonary Hypertension

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12
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 1

-Foramen primum narrows as septum prium grows toward _______________.

A

Endocardial cushions

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13
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 2

-Perforations in septum primum form ____________. (forament primum disappears)

A

Foramen Secundum

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14
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 3

-Foramen secundum maintains _________ shunt as septum secundum begins to grow.

A

Right-to-Left

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15
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 4

-Septum secundum contains a ______________.

A

Permanent opening (Foramen Ovale)

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16
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 5

-Foramen secundum enlarges and upper part of ____________ degenerates.

A

Septum primum

17
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 6

-Remaining portion of septum primum forms valve of ______________.

A

Foramen Ovale

18
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 7

-Septum secundum and septum primum fuse to form the __________.

A

Atrial Septum

19
Q

Interatrial Septum Development: Step 8

-Foramen ovale usually closes soon after birth because of increased ______ pressure.

A

Left Atrium

20
Q

Failure of the septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth.

A

Patent Foramen Ovale