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Formulary > Cardiac drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide: Action

A

Loop diuretic

GABA-A blocker

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2
Q

Furosemide: Contraindications (2)

A

Severe hypokalaemia

Hyponatraemia

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3
Q

Furosemide: Side Effects (3)

A

Hyperglycaemia
Hypokalaemia
Ototoxic

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4
Q

Furosemide: Indications (3)

A

Oedema
Hypertension
Heart failure

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5
Q

Bendroflumethiazide: Action

A

Thiazide diuretic

Inhibit Na reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

Bendroflumethiazide: Indications (2)

A

Oedema

Hypertension

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7
Q

Bendroflumethiazide: Side Effects (6)

A 
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Hypomagnesaemia 
Hypercalcaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Gout
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8
Q

Spironolactone: Action

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

Inhibit mineralocorticoids => reduce Na and water reabsorption => limit potassium secretion

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9
Q

Spironolactone: Indications (3)

A

Oedema
Hypertension
Congestive heart failure

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10
Q

Spironolactone: Contraindications (2)

A

Addison’s

Hyperkalaemia

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11
Q

Spironolactone: Side Effects (2)

A

Hyperkalaemia

Gynaecomastia

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12
Q

Atenolol: Action

A

Beta blocker

Inhibit adrenaline => reduce heart rate, force of contraction, glycogen breakdown and bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

Atenolol: Indications (3)

A

Hypertension
Angina
Arrhythmias

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14
Q

Atenolol: Contraindications (3)

A

Asthma
Bradycardia
Metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

Atenolol: Side Effects (3)

A

Cold extremities
Headache
Sleep disturbances

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16
Q

Atenolol: Interaction

A

Do not use with verapamil/diltiazem

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17
Q

Diltiazem: Action

A

Calcium antagonist

Depress AV node conduction

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18
Q

Diltiazem: Contraindications (2)

A

LVF

2nd and 3rd degree heart block

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19
Q

Diltiazem: Side Effects (3)

A

Palpitation
Dizziness
Hot flush

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20
Q

Diltiazem: Interaction

A

Do not use with B blockers (heart failure and bradycardia)

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21
Q

Ramipril: Action

A

ACE inhibitor

Reduce angiotensin II => smooth muscle relaxation

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22
Q

Ramipril: Indications (4)

A

Hypertension
Heart failure
DM (prevent MI)
Nephropathy

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23
Q

Ramipril: Side Effects (3)

A

Dry cough
Angioedema
Hyperkalaemia

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24
Q

Ramipril: Interaction

A

Caution with potassium elevating drugs

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25
Q

Losartan: Action

A

AT1 blocker

Reduce organ response to angiotensin II => reduce peripheral resistance

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26
Q

Losartan: Indications (3)

A

Hypertension
Heart failure
Diabetic nephropathy

27
Q

Losartan: Contraindications (3)

A

Renal artery stenosis
AKI
Pregnancy

28
Q

Losartan: Side Effects (3)

A

Hypotension (esp w 1st dose)
Hyperkalaemia
Renal failure

29
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate: Action

A

Stimulate guancyclate cyclase => reduce intracellular calcium => relax smooth muscle

30
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate: Contraindications (3)

A

Hypotension
Hypovolaemia
Aortic stenosis

31
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate: Side Effect

A

Postural hypotension

32
Q

Digoxin: Action

A

Cardiac glycoside

Inhibit NaK ATPase => increase intracellular calcium => stronger contraction and reduced heart rate

33
Q

Digoxin: Indications (2)

A

Heart failure

Atrial fibrillation/flutter

34
Q

Digoxin: Contraindications (3)

A

Complete heart block
Secondary AV block
Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation

35
Q

Digoxin: Side Effects (3)

A

Rash
Dizziness
Blurred/yellow vision

36
Q

Digoxin: Interaction

A

Increased toxicity with amiodarone, CCB, spironolactone and loop/thiazide diuretics

37
Q

Amiodarone: Action

A

Class III anti-dysrhythmic

Prolongs repolarisation => increase refractory period and decrease conduction

38
Q

Amiodarone: Indications (2)

A

Atrial fibrillation/flutter

Tachyarrhythmias

39
Q

Amiodarone: Contraindications (2)

A

SA heart block

Thyroid dysfunction

40
Q

Amiodarone: Side Effects (4)

A

Jaundice
Pulmonary toxicity
Grey skin
Thyroid dysfunction

41
Q

Amiodarone: Interaction

A

Increases concentration of anticoagulants, phenytoin and digoxin

42
Q

Aspirin: Action

A

Anti-platelet

COX-1+2 inhibitor => block thromboxane production => prevent platelet aggregation

43
Q

Aspirin: Side Effects (2)

A

GI irritation/ haemorrhage

Tinnitus

44
Q

Clopidogrel: Action

A

Anti-platelet

ADP inhibitor on platelet => stop platelet activation and fibrin cross-linking

45
Q

Clopidogrel: Side Effects (2)

A

Bleeding disorder

Thrombocytopenia

46
Q

Clopidogrel: Interaction

A

Metabolised by P450 enzymes

47
Q

Streptokinase: Action

A

Fibrinolytic

Produce plasmin to promote fibrin breakdown

48
Q

Streptokinase: Contraindications (2)

A

Increased bleeding risk

Previous streptokinase treatment

49
Q

Streptokinase: Side Effects (4)

A

Bruising
Bleeding
Cardiac arrest
Arrhythmia

50
Q

Streptokinase: Interaction

A

ACEi increase risk of anaphylaxis

51
Q

Enoxaparin: Action

A

Low molecular weight heparin

Bind to antithrombin II to inactivate factor Xa and thrombin

52
Q

Enoxaparin: Contraindications (3)

A

Haemophilia
Thrombocytopenia
Severe hypertension

53
Q

Enoxaparin: Side Effects (2)

A

Haemorrhage

Thrombocytopenia

54
Q

Rivaroxoban: Action

A

Factor Xa inhibitor => inhibit thrombin formation

55
Q

Rivaroxoban: Side Effects (6)

A 
Hypotension
Renal impairment
Dry mouth
Pruritus
Jaundice
Angioedema
56
Q

Rivaroxoban: Interaction

A

Partially metabolised by P450

57
Q

Simvastatin: Action

A

Inhibit HMG CoA reductase => reduce endogenous cholesterol production

58
Q

Simvastatin: Contraindication

A

Pregnancy

59
Q

Simvastatin: Side Effects (4)

A

Myalgia
Myositis
Myopathy
Jaundice

60
Q

Simvastatin: Interaction

A

Metabolism reduced by P450 inhibitors (amiodarone)

61
Q

Warfarin: Action

A

Vitamin K inhibitor => reduce factors II, VII, IX and X

62
Q

Warfarin: Side Effects (5)

A 
Haemorrhage
Hepatic dysfunction
Pancreatitis
Purpura
Rash
63
Q

Warfarin: Interaction

A

Avoid clopidogrel

Metabolised by the P450 system

Formulary (9 decks)

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