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Formulary > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Amoxicillin: Class

A

Penicillin

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2
Q

Amoxicillin: Mode of Action

A

Prevent cell wall crosslinking

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3
Q

Amoxicillin: Indications (3)

A

Pneumonia
H pylori
UTI

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4
Q

Amoxicillin: Side Effects (3)

A

GI upset
Colitis
Cholestatic jaundice

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5
Q

Amoxicillin: Interactions (2)

A

Reduce methotrexate excretion (toxicity)

Enhance warfarin

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6
Q

Cephradine: Class

A

Cephalosporin

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7
Q

Cephradine: Mode of Action

A

Prevent cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Cephradine: Indications (6)

A 
RTI
UTI
Septicaemia
Meningitis
Biliary tract infection
Peritonitis
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9
Q

Cephradine: Side Effects (3)

A

GI upset
Colitis
CNS toxicity/seizure

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10
Q

Cephradine: Interactions (2)

A

Enhance warfarin

Increased nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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11
Q

Trimethoprim: Mode of Action

A

Inhibit bacterial folate synthesis

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12
Q

Trimethoprim: Indications (3)

A

UTI
Bronchitis
Pneumocystis pneumonia

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13
Q

Trimethoprim: Contraindications

A

1st Trimester Pregnancy

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14
Q

Trimethoprim: Side Effects (6)

A 
GI upset
Rash
Megaloblastic anaemia/ leucopenia/ thrombocytopenia
Hyperkalaemia
Increased creatinine 
Erythema multiform
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15
Q

Trimethoprim: Interactions (2)

A

Increased haematological effects with azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, phenytoin and pyrimethamine

Increased nephrotoxicity with ciclosporins and tacrolimus

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16
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Mode of Action

A

Active metabolite damages bacterial DNA

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17
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Indications

A

Lower UTI

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18
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Contraindications (5)

A 
Pregnant women (nearing term)
Infants <3m (can cause haemolytic anaemia)
Renal impairment
G6PD deficiency
Acute porphyria
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19
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Side Effects (4)

A

GI upset
Chronic pulmonary reactions
Hepatitis
Peripheral neuropathy

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20
Q

Doxycycline: Class

A

Tetracycline

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21
Q

Doxycycline: Mode of Action

A

Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit to prevent tRNA to rRNA binding

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22
Q

Doxycycline: Indications (8)

A 
Acne
LRTI
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chronic prostatitis
Sinusitis
Syphillis
Anthrax
Malaria
23
Q

Doxycycline: Contraindications (4)

A

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Children <12 (binds to bones and teeth)
Renal impairment

24
Q

Doxycycline: Side Effects (6)

A

GI upset
Oesophageal irritation/ ulceration/ dysphagia
Photosensitivity
Discolouration/hypoplasia of enamel (children)
Intracranial hypertension

25
Q

Doxycycline: Interactions (2)

A

No absorption if taken within 2hrs of calcium/anatacids/iron

Enhance warfarin

26
Q

Gentamicin: Class

A

Aminoglycoside

27
Q

Gentamicin: Mode of Action

A

Bind to 30S ribosome subunit to inhibit protein synthesis

28
Q

Gentamicin: Indications (4)

A

Severe/ biliary/ intra-abdominal sepsis
Pyelonephritis
Complicated UTI
Endocarditis

29
Q

Gentamicin: Contraindications (2)

A

Myasthenia gravis

Renal impairment

30
Q

Gentamicin: Side Effects (2)

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

31
Q

Gentamicin: Interactions (2)

A

Increased ototoxicity with loop diuretics and vancomycin

Increased nephrotoxicity with ciclosporins, cephalosporins and vancomycin

32
Q

Erythromycin: Class

A

Macrolide

33
Q

Erythromycin: Mode of Action

A

Bind to 50S to inhibit protein synthesis

34
Q

Erythromycin: Indications (7)

A 
Penicillin alternative
Campylobacter enteritis
Syphillis
Urethritis
Prostatitis
Group A strep infection
Pertussis
35
Q

Erythromycin: Contraindications (2)

A

Neonates <2w

Acute porphyria

36
Q

Erythromycin: Side Effects (5)

A 
GI upset
Thrombophlebitis (IV)
Colitis
Cholestatic jaundice
Prolonged QT interval
37
Q

Erythromycin: Interactions (2)

A

p450 inhibitor

Caution with amiodarone, quinine, antipsychotics, quinolone and SSRIs (also prolong QT interval)

38
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Class

A

Quinolone

39
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Action

A

Inhibit DNA synthesis (aerobic gram -ve)

40
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Indications (5)

A 
UTI
Prostatitis
Gonorrhoea
Severe GI infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
41
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Side Effects (5)

A 
GI upset
Lower seizure threshold
Hallucinations
Inflammation and rupture of tendons
Prolonged QT interval
42
Q

Ciprofloxacin: Interactions (3)

A

p450 inhibitor
Increased risk of seizure with NSAIDs
Increased risk of tendon rupture with prednisolone

43
Q

Metronidazole: Class

A

Anaerobic

44
Q

Metronidazole: Mode of Action

A

Reduced to free radical which causes DNA degradation and cell death

45
Q

Metronidazole: Indications (4)

A

Abx colitis
Anaerobic oral/aspiration pneumonia/surgical/gynae infections
Protozoal infections
Trichomonal vaginalis

46
Q

Metronidazole: Contraindications (2)

A

Alcohol

Severe liver disease

47
Q

Metronidazole: Side Effects (7)

A 
GI upset
Anorexia
Taste disturbance
Oral mucositis
Peripheral/optic neuropathy
Seizures
Encephalopathy
48
Q

Metronidazole: Interactions (3)

A

Reduced metabolism with warfarin and phenytoin
Decreased concentration with phenytoin and rifampicin
Increased toxicity with lithium

49
Q

Vancomycin: Class

A

Glycopeptide

50
Q

Vancomycin: Mode of Action

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis of gram +ve

51
Q

Vancomycin: Indications (4)

A

Endocarditis
Peritonitis
MRSA surgery prophylaxis
C diff

52
Q

Vancomycin: Side Effects (6)

A 
Thrombophlebitis
Red man syndrome (rapid infusion)
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
53
Q

Vancomycin: Interactions

A

Increased risk of oto/nephrotoxicity with ahminoglycosides, loop diuretics and cyclosporin

Formulary (9 decks)

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