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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Amoxicillin: Class

A

Penicillin

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2
Q

Amoxicillin: Mode of Action

A

Prevent cell wall crosslinking

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3
Q

Amoxicillin: Indications (3)

A

Pneumonia
H pylori
UTI

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4
Q

Amoxicillin: Side Effects (3)

A

GI upset
Colitis
Cholestatic jaundice

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5
Q

Amoxicillin: Interactions (2)

A

Reduce methotrexate excretion (toxicity)

Enhance warfarin

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6
Q

Cephradine: Class

A

Cephalosporin

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7
Q

Cephradine: Mode of Action

A

Prevent cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Cephradine: Indications (6)

A 
RTI
UTI
Septicaemia
Meningitis
Biliary tract infection
Peritonitis
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9
Q

Cephradine: Side Effects (3)

A

GI upset
Colitis
CNS toxicity/seizure

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10
Q

Cephradine: Interactions (2)

A

Enhance warfarin

Increased nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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11
Q

Trimethoprim: Mode of Action

A

Inhibit bacterial folate synthesis

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12
Q

Trimethoprim: Indications (3)

A

UTI
Bronchitis
Pneumocystis pneumonia

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13
Q

Trimethoprim: Contraindications

A

1st Trimester Pregnancy

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14
Q

Trimethoprim: Side Effects (6)

A 
GI upset
Rash
Megaloblastic anaemia/ leucopenia/ thrombocytopenia
Hyperkalaemia
Increased creatinine 
Erythema multiform
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15
Q

Trimethoprim: Interactions (2)

A

Increased haematological effects with azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, phenytoin and pyrimethamine

Increased nephrotoxicity with ciclosporins and tacrolimus

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16
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Mode of Action

A

Active metabolite damages bacterial DNA

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17
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Indications

A

Lower UTI

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18
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Contraindications (5)

A 
Pregnant women (nearing term)
Infants <3m (can cause haemolytic anaemia)
Renal impairment
G6PD deficiency
Acute porphyria
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19
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Side Effects (4)

A

GI upset
Chronic pulmonary reactions
Hepatitis
Peripheral neuropathy

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20
Q

Doxycycline: Class

A

Tetracycline

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21
Q

Doxycycline: Mode of Action

A

Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit to prevent tRNA to rRNA binding

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22
Q

Doxycycline: Indications (8)

A 
Acne
LRTI
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chronic prostatitis
Sinusitis
Syphillis
Anthrax
Malaria
23
Q

Doxycycline: Contraindications (4)

A

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Children <12 (binds to bones and teeth)
Renal impairment

24
Q

Doxycycline: Side Effects (6)

A

GI upset
Oesophageal irritation/ ulceration/ dysphagia
Photosensitivity
Discolouration/hypoplasia of enamel (children)
Intracranial hypertension

25
Doxycycline: Interactions (2)
No absorption if taken within 2hrs of calcium/anatacids/iron Enhance warfarin
26
Gentamicin: Class
Aminoglycoside
27
Gentamicin: Mode of Action
Bind to 30S ribosome subunit to inhibit protein synthesis
28
Gentamicin: Indications (4)
Severe/ biliary/ intra-abdominal sepsis Pyelonephritis Complicated UTI Endocarditis
29
Gentamicin: Contraindications (2)
Myasthenia gravis | Renal impairment
30
Gentamicin: Side Effects (2)
Nephrotoxicity | Ototoxicity
31
Gentamicin: Interactions (2)
Increased ototoxicity with loop diuretics and vancomycin | Increased nephrotoxicity with ciclosporins, cephalosporins and vancomycin
32
Erythromycin: Class
Macrolide
33
Erythromycin: Mode of Action
Bind to 50S to inhibit protein synthesis
34
Erythromycin: Indications (7)
``` Penicillin alternative Campylobacter enteritis Syphillis Urethritis Prostatitis Group A strep infection Pertussis ```
35
Erythromycin: Contraindications (2)
Neonates <2w | Acute porphyria
36
Erythromycin: Side Effects (5)
``` GI upset Thrombophlebitis (IV) Colitis Cholestatic jaundice Prolonged QT interval ```
37
Erythromycin: Interactions (2)
p450 inhibitor | Caution with amiodarone, quinine, antipsychotics, quinolone and SSRIs (also prolong QT interval)
38
Ciprofloxacin: Class
Quinolone
39
Ciprofloxacin: Action
Inhibit DNA synthesis (aerobic gram -ve)
40
Ciprofloxacin: Indications (5)
``` UTI Prostatitis Gonorrhoea Severe GI infection Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections ```
41
Ciprofloxacin: Side Effects (5)
``` GI upset Lower seizure threshold Hallucinations Inflammation and rupture of tendons Prolonged QT interval ```
42
Ciprofloxacin: Interactions (3)
p450 inhibitor Increased risk of seizure with NSAIDs Increased risk of tendon rupture with prednisolone
43
Metronidazole: Class
Anaerobic
44
Metronidazole: Mode of Action
Reduced to free radical which causes DNA degradation and cell death
45
Metronidazole: Indications (4)
Abx colitis Anaerobic oral/aspiration pneumonia/surgical/gynae infections Protozoal infections Trichomonal vaginalis
46
Metronidazole: Contraindications (2)
Alcohol | Severe liver disease
47
Metronidazole: Side Effects (7)
``` GI upset Anorexia Taste disturbance Oral mucositis Peripheral/optic neuropathy Seizures Encephalopathy ```
48
Metronidazole: Interactions (3)
Reduced metabolism with warfarin and phenytoin Decreased concentration with phenytoin and rifampicin Increased toxicity with lithium
49
Vancomycin: Class
Glycopeptide
50
Vancomycin: Mode of Action
Inhibit cell wall synthesis of gram +ve
51
Vancomycin: Indications (4)
Endocarditis Peritonitis MRSA surgery prophylaxis C diff
52
Vancomycin: Side Effects (6)
``` Thrombophlebitis Red man syndrome (rapid infusion) Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia ```
53
Vancomycin: Interactions
Increased risk of oto/nephrotoxicity with ahminoglycosides, loop diuretics and cyclosporin

Formulary (9 decks)

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