cardiac

Question 1

Cardiac Output =

Answer 1

stroke volume x HR

Question 2

CO =

Answer 2

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)/ Peripheral Resistance (PR)

Question 3

Calculating MAP

Answer 3

(PP/3) + Diastolic pressure

Question 4

Stroke volume =

Answer 4

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

Question 5

Factors influencing EDV

Answer 5

Arterial pressure - direct Ventricular compliance - direct

Question 6

Factors influencing ESV

Answer 6

Ventricular contractility - indirect

Question 7

Frank Starling Law

Answer 7

force contraction vs. length of muscle

Increase venous return = increased ventricular contraction = increased SV

Question 8

Ventricular afterload is

Answer 8

the pressure in the arteries that are exerted back on the ventricles

Question 9

Increased ventricular afterload =

Answer 9

Increased ESV

Decreased SV

Question 10

Calculation for ejection fraction

Answer 10

Ejection fraction = (SV/EDV) x 100

Question 11

If HR increases then

Answer 11

EDV decreases

SV decreases

Question 12

Ejection fraction is

Answer 12

the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart per beat relative to the EDV

Question 13

Pulse pressure is

Answer 13

the pressure necessary to feel a pulse

Question 14

Factors relating to pulse pressure

Answer 14

• SV - direct
• HR - inverse
• AD (arterial distensibility) - Inverse
• PR - Inverse

Question 15

Calculation for Pulse Pressure (PP)

Answer 15

PP = Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Question 16

Homeostatic mechanisms for cardiac maintenance are

Answer 16

• Capillary fluid shift - fluid moved out of vein to decrease volume
• Renal adjustment of plasma volume
• Control of heart rate - carotic sinus reflex
• Vascular reflexes - diameter of sphincters change

Question 17

Starling forces: filtration vs. absorption

Answer 17

• Outward pressures
  
  • HBP - Hydrostatic blood pressure
  • TPOP - Tissue protein
• Inward pressures
  
  • THP - Tissue H pressure
  • PPOP - plasma protein osmotic pressure
    *

Question 18

Absorption occurs in the

Answer 18

systemic capillaries

Question 19

Factors influencing edema

Answer 19

• Excess out
  
  • Increased HBP: heart failure
  • Increased TPOP: inflammation
• Excess in
  
  • Decreased PPOP: protein deficiency