Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human nutrition > Carbohydrates, fats and protein > Flashcards

Carbohydrates, fats and protein Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered high total fat?

A

More than 20g per 100g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is considered high total sugar?

g

A

More than 15g per 100g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is considered high saturated fat?

g

A

More than 5g saturates per 100g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the max alcohol recommendation?

A

14 units per week over 2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 bioactive compounds in cereals?

A
  • Polyphenols
  • Carotenoids
  • Tocopherols
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are carbohydrates roles in the body?

A
  • Energy
  • RNA and DNA synthesis
  • Glycoproteins and glycolipids
  • Structural and cell signalling
  • Gastrointestinal health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are examples of monosaccarides?

A
  • Glucose

- Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?

A
  • Sucrose
  • Maltose
  • Lactose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is extrinsic sugar?

A
  • Free sugar/ added sugar
  • Cariogenic
  • Free in solution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some dietary sources of soluble fibre?

A
  • Oats
  • Beans
  • Fruit & veg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some dietary examples of insoluble fibre?

A
  • Wheat bran
  • Whole grains
  • Vegetables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does insoluble fibre do in the body?

A
  • Binds water in the colon increasing faecal bulk

- Resistant to bacterial fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does soluble fibre do in the body?

A
  • Slows gastric emptying
  • Increases satiety
  • Binds to cholesterol and reduces absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is dietary fibre?

A
  • Indigestible
  • Non-starch polysaccharides, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and gums, can be fermented in small intestine which can provide a small energy content
  • Non-digestible carbohydrates, resistant starch, resistant oligosaccharides
  • Non-CHO, ligin, waxes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A

Storage - starch and glycogen

Structural - cellulose, pectin, chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are intrinsic sugars?

A
  • Non-cariogenic

- Contained within intact cell, much more gradual ride in blood glucose

17
Q

How is energy lost in the body?

A

Urine and faeces

18
Q

What percentage of energy should come from carbohydrates?

A

50%

19
Q

What can less than 50-70g/day of carbohydrates lead to?

A

Ketosis

20
Q

How many grams of carbohydrates does the brain require?

A

50-70g

21
Q

What is the glycaemic index?

A

Identifies how much blood glucose rises after ingestion. Has a score from 0-100. How quickly glucose can be accessed influences the rate of glucose absorption.

22
Q

What are some examples of low GI foods?

A
  • Unprocessed grains e.g. wholegrain, oats, quinoa, brown rice
  • Soluble fibre e.g. fruit/ veg skin
  • Increasing fat content e.g. adding butter
23
Q

What is resistant fibre and what does it do?

A
  • Soluble fibre that cannot be digested in the small intestine
  • Fermented in the large intestine to produce short chain fatty acids
  • Prevents abnormal cells in gut which reduces risk of colorectal cancers
  • Reduce postprandial glycemic response
24
Q

In grams, what must it be to be classed as a source of fibre?

A

> 3g/100g

for high fibre >6g/100g

25
Q

What is the main role of protein in the body?

A

They are amino acid building blocks fro muscles, tissues and protein molecules

26
Q

What factors effect nutritional requirements?

A
  • Occupation
  • Physical activity levels
  • Sex
  • Age
  • Body weight and composition
  • Illness
  • Additional considerations e.g pregnancy
27
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

Lack of food groups or nutrients

Can be from both undernutrition and over-nutrition

28
Q

What is the main roll of dietary fat in the body

A

Cell lipid membranes and structure

29
Q

What is EAR?

A

Estimated average requirement

- observed mean requirement to meet criteria of experimental studies on adequacy

30
Q

What is a food system?

A

A way of explaining the relationship between forces acting upon commodity flows, from producer to consumer

31
Q

What are reference intakes?

A

The amount that can be eaten on a daily basis to maintain a healthy diet

32
Q

What are polyphenols?

A

The largest group of bioactive molecules in the body.

Most common are flavonoids

33
Q

How long is a Oligopeptide chain?

A

<20 amino acids in a chain

34
Q

What is a prosthetic group?

A

Non-amino acid component of proteins

Human nutrition (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions