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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates. > Flashcards

Carbohydrates. Flashcards

1
Q

Which organs in human body are mostly dependent on carbohydrates?

A

Brains and RBCs.

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2
Q

Chemistry name of carbohydrates?

A

Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.

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3
Q

From which compound all monosaccharides are derived by successive addition of C atoms?

A

Glyceraldehyde.

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4
Q

Who type of sugar can be metabolised by body?

A

D-sugars.

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5
Q

Presence of asymmetrical C atom leads to?

A

Optical activity.

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6
Q

D and L rotation has no bearing with optical activity. True or False?

A

True.

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7
Q

D glucose is dextrorotatary or levorotatory?

A

Dextrorotatary.

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8
Q

D fructose is dextrorotatary or levorotatory?

A

Levorotatory.

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9
Q

If conformational changes done in C2,C3 and C4 how many types of monosaccharides are formed? How many of them are present in human?

A

8;3

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10
Q

Which 3 are they?

A

Glucose, Galactose, Mannose.

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11
Q

How many diasteriomers are there of aldohexoses?

A

8.

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12
Q

Which monosaccharide is epimerised to glucose in liver to use as fuel?

A

Galactose.

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13
Q

What are the structures called when sugar differ in only single C atom?

A

Epimers .

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14
Q

Glucose and mannose are epimers of each other with respect to which no. C atom?

A

2.

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15
Q

Which monosaccharide is 4 epimer of glucose?

A

Galactose.

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16
Q

Galactose and Mannose are epimers or diasteriomers?

A

Diasteriomers.

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17
Q

What is the constituent of blood sugar?

A

D glucose.

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18
Q

What is the constituent of lactose, glycolipids and glycoproteins?

A

D galactose.

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19
Q

What is the constituent of globulins, mucoproteins and glycoproteins?

A

Mannose.

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20
Q

Glucose is a ?

A

Aldohexose.

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21
Q

Fructose is a ?

A

Ketohexose.

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22
Q

How many isomers fructose have?

A

4.

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23
Q

Each isomer of fructose have D and L form with respect to which no. C atom?

A

5.

24
Q

Name ring structure of fructose?

A

Furanose.

25
Q

Fructose is major constituent of which product?

A

Honey.

26
Q

On which C atom fructose has keto group?

A

2.

27
Q

What is formed when reducing carbohydrates are mixed with mild alkaline solution?

A

Enediols.

28
Q

Which products are formed when glucose is kept in mild alkaline solution?

A

Fructose and Mannose.

29
Q

Which test is done for reducing sugar like glucose?

A

Benedicts test.

30
Q

What makes benedicts reagent?

A

Sodium carbonate
Sodium citrate
Copper sulphate

31
Q

Benedicts test is used as standard test for which disease?

A

Diabetes mellitus.

32
Q

All reducing sugars+ excess phenyl hydrazine gives ?

A

Osazones.

33
Q

Needle shaped osazone are of which sugar?

A

Glucososazone.

34
Q

Sunflower shaped crystals are of which monosaccharide?

A

Maltosazone.

35
Q

Hedgehog or touch me not plant like crystals are of which monosaccharide?

A

Lactosazone.

36
Q

Oxidation of sugars. When aldehyde to aldonic acid.
Glucose to?
Mannose to ?
Galactose to ?

A

Gluconic acid.
Mannonic acid.
Galactonic acid.

37
Q

When aldehyde is protected and last C atom to carboxylic acid to make uronic acid.
Glucose to ?
Mannose to ?
Galactose to ?

A

Glucuronic acid.
Mannuronic acid.
Galacturonic acid.

38
Q

What is used for detoxification?

A

Glucuronic acid.

39
Q

If first and last C atom are oxidised to dissachrides.
Glucose to ?
Mannose to ?
Galactose to ?

A

Glucosacchric acid.
Mannaric acid.
Mucic acid.

40
Q

What is basis of galactose identification?

A

Mucic acid formation.

41
Q

If monosaccharide are reduced to furfural derivatives in presence of con. H2SO4?
Hexose to ?
Pentose to ?

A

Hydroxymethyl furfural.

Furfural.

42
Q

What is base of Molisch test?

A

Furfural derivatives.

43
Q

What is the general test for carbohydrates?

A

Molisch test.

44
Q

How many molecules of alcohol are formed on reduction of sugar?
Aldose to ?
Ketose to ?

A

Aldose to 1

Ketose to 2

45
Q

Glucose reduced to form which alcohol?

A

Sorbitol.

46
Q

Mannose reduced to which alcohol?

A

Mannitol.

47
Q

Which alcohol reduces intracranial pressure of forced diuresis ?

A

Mannitol.

48
Q

Which alcohol are formed when these sugar are reduced?
Galactose to ?
Ribose to ?

A

Galactose to dulcitol.

Ribose to ribitol.

49
Q

If fructose is reduced to which alcohols?

A

Sorbitol + Mannitol.

50
Q

Due to osmotic effect created by which alcohol leads to cataract?

A

Sorbitol and Mannitol.

51
Q

Hemiacetal group of monosaccharide+ alcohol/ phenol= ?

A

Glycosides.

52
Q

Which compound do not gives benedicts test?

A

Glycoside.

53
Q

Which glycoside is used for Renal damage?

A

Phlorhizin.

54
Q

Which glycoside is used as strain?

A

Plant Indicin.

55
Q

Which glycoside is used as cardiac stimulant?

A

Digitogenin.

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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