Cancer Treatment Part 2 Flashcards
give 2 examples of dietary elements that can help regulate transcription factors and gene expression
- EGCG
- broccoli
EGCG works by activating
MAPKs
stimulates transcription of detoxifying enzymes
broccoli is rich in
sulforophane stimulates detoxifying enzymes
what reduced cancer risk by 8%?
multivitamins
vit. C uptake of KRAS/BRAF mutant colon cancer cells lead to an
increase in ROS
an increase in ROS blocks
glucose metabolism
w/o glucose metabolism cells resort to
pentose pathway -> depleting ATP -> cell death
what are some examples on focusing cancer treatment on infection and inflammation
- antibiotics -| gastric cancer
- vaccines -| cervical & liver cancer
people taking a _________ daily were 40% less likely to develop colorectal caner
aspirin
aspirin acts to block prostaglandins by suppressing
COX-1 & 2
list 3 common chemotherapeutics
- platinol
- adriamycin
- taxol
give examples of shutdown transgene that lead to permanent regression
H-ras
K-ras
myc
give some examples of a shutdown transgene that lead to relapse
neu
myc
wnt
examples of tumor cell-based drug resistance mechanisms
- decreased drug activation
- increased inactivation of drug intermediate
examples of host-dependent resistance mechanisms
- anatomic drug barriers
- increased drug inactivation by normal tissues
what was a novel system used to deliver both an immune-system booster and a chemical to counter cancer’s secretions
nanolipogels (NLGs)
in mice NLGs..
- delayed tumor growth
- sent tumors into remission
- increased survival rates
NLCs appear to accumulate in the
leaky blood vessels of tumors
what are the 2 components of NLGs
- inhibitor drug counteracts TGF-B
- interleukin-2 (IL-2)
IL-2 is a protein that rallies
immune systems to respond to localized treats
what single drug can shrink all tumors
anti-CD47
- blocks do not eat me signal
combining ultrasound and radiation enhanced the effects of
radiation by 35X
radiation effects tumor blood vessels
causing apoptosis
what is used as a mechanical disruption of blood vessels
microbubbles
microbubbles are
gas-filled lipid micro-spheres that pass through the circulatory system and burst w/ pulses of ultrasound at certain frequencies
what compound was found to correct one of the most common mutation in cancer (p53)
thiosemicarbacones
thiosemicarbacones function by
- reactiving p53 protein
- anti-proliferative
- causes oxidative damage
RNA interference can control gene expression
killing mutated protein and triggering cell death in cells w/ mutation
RNAi is used for
mantle cell leukemia (MCL)
a form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma
MCL leads to the overexpression of gene that encodes for __________ resulting in ….
cyclin D1
increased cell proliferation
what vitamin may be preventative to cancer
vit. E
describe personalized cancer vaccines
dosing patients w/ their tumor neoantigens to induce immune response
a plant based diet converts
breast cancer tumors from lethal to treatable
what was the old standard way to determine chemotherapeutic dosage?
weight or body surface area
what was the new way to determine chemotherapeutic dosage?
maximum-tolerated exposure
what is emerging as new agents against cancer?
oncolytic viruses (OVs)
OVs are engineered for
tumor-specific targeting and enhanced immune stimulation
explain the 3 mechanisms of OVs
targeting
- transcription
- attachment
- apoptosis
how can OVs target transcription
by engineering a virus w/ a tissue specific promoter essential for viral production
replication in cancer cells but NOT normal cells
how can OVs target attachment
engineer a virus to attach to a specific protein expressed on cancer’s surface
how can OVs target cellular apoptosis
- by deleting genes that inhibit apoptosis
- allows adenovirus infection to be detected in cancer cells
what technique may be used to observe the results of chemotherapies
biocompatible plane
blind mole rats exhibit monolayers that undergo
massive concerted cell death
what animal is known to be less prone to cancer? why?
- elephants
- 20+ copies of p53
in elephants mutated cells
do NOT repair; just undergo apoptosis
mice given extra p53 show
negative consequences
