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Cancer Biology > Cancer Treatment Part 2 > Flashcards

Cancer Treatment Part 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

give 2 examples of dietary elements that can help regulate transcription factors and gene expression

A
  • EGCG
  • broccoli
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2
Q

EGCG works by activating

A

MAPKs
stimulates transcription of detoxifying enzymes

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3
Q

broccoli is rich in

A

sulforophane stimulates detoxifying enzymes

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4
Q

what reduced cancer risk by 8%?

A

multivitamins

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5
Q

vit. C uptake of KRAS/BRAF mutant colon cancer cells lead to an

A

increase in ROS

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6
Q

an increase in ROS blocks

A

glucose metabolism

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7
Q

w/o glucose metabolism cells resort to

A

pentose pathway -> depleting ATP -> cell death

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8
Q

what are some examples on focusing cancer treatment on infection and inflammation

A
  • antibiotics -| gastric cancer
  • vaccines -| cervical & liver cancer
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9
Q

people taking a _________ daily were 40% less likely to develop colorectal caner

A

aspirin

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10
Q

aspirin acts to block prostaglandins by suppressing

A

COX-1 & 2

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11
Q

list 3 common chemotherapeutics

A
  1. platinol
  2. adriamycin
  3. taxol
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12
Q

give examples of shutdown transgene that lead to permanent regression

A

H-ras
K-ras
myc

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13
Q

give some examples of a shutdown transgene that lead to relapse

A

neu
myc
wnt

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14
Q

examples of tumor cell-based drug resistance mechanisms

A
  • decreased drug activation
  • increased inactivation of drug intermediate
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15
Q

examples of host-dependent resistance mechanisms

A
  • anatomic drug barriers
  • increased drug inactivation by normal tissues
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16
Q

what was a novel system used to deliver both an immune-system booster and a chemical to counter cancer’s secretions

A

nanolipogels (NLGs)

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17
Q

in mice NLGs..

A
  • delayed tumor growth
  • sent tumors into remission
  • increased survival rates
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18
Q

NLCs appear to accumulate in the

A

leaky blood vessels of tumors

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19
Q

what are the 2 components of NLGs

A
  1. inhibitor drug counteracts TGF-B
  2. interleukin-2 (IL-2)
20
Q

IL-2 is a protein that rallies

A

immune systems to respond to localized treats

21
Q

what single drug can shrink all tumors

A

anti-CD47

  • blocks do not eat me signal
22
Q

combining ultrasound and radiation enhanced the effects of

A

radiation by 35X

23
Q

radiation effects tumor blood vessels

A

causing apoptosis

24
Q

what is used as a mechanical disruption of blood vessels

A

microbubbles

25
Q

microbubbles are

A

gas-filled lipid micro-spheres that pass through the circulatory system and burst w/ pulses of ultrasound at certain frequencies

26
Q

what compound was found to correct one of the most common mutation in cancer (p53)

A

thiosemicarbacones

27
Q

thiosemicarbacones function by

A
  • reactiving p53 protein
  • anti-proliferative
  • causes oxidative damage
28
Q

RNA interference can control gene expression

A

killing mutated protein and triggering cell death in cells w/ mutation

29
Q

RNAi is used for

A

mantle cell leukemia (MCL)

a form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma

30
Q

MCL leads to the overexpression of gene that encodes for __________ resulting in ….

A

cyclin D1

increased cell proliferation

31
Q

what vitamin may be preventative to cancer

A

vit. E

32
Q

describe personalized cancer vaccines

A

dosing patients w/ their tumor neoantigens to induce immune response

33
Q

a plant based diet converts

A

breast cancer tumors from lethal to treatable

34
Q

what was the old standard way to determine chemotherapeutic dosage?

A

weight or body surface area

35
Q

what was the new way to determine chemotherapeutic dosage?

A

maximum-tolerated exposure

36
Q

what is emerging as new agents against cancer?

A

oncolytic viruses (OVs)

37
Q

OVs are engineered for

A

tumor-specific targeting and enhanced immune stimulation

38
Q

explain the 3 mechanisms of OVs

A

targeting
- transcription
- attachment
- apoptosis

39
Q

how can OVs target transcription

A

by engineering a virus w/ a tissue specific promoter essential for viral production

replication in cancer cells but NOT normal cells

40
Q

how can OVs target attachment

A

engineer a virus to attach to a specific protein expressed on cancer’s surface

41
Q

how can OVs target cellular apoptosis

A
  • by deleting genes that inhibit apoptosis
  • allows adenovirus infection to be detected in cancer cells
42
Q

what technique may be used to observe the results of chemotherapies

A

biocompatible plane

43
Q

blind mole rats exhibit monolayers that undergo

A

massive concerted cell death

44
Q

what animal is known to be less prone to cancer? why?

A
  • elephants
  • 20+ copies of p53
45
Q

in elephants mutated cells

A

do NOT repair; just undergo apoptosis

46
Q

mice given extra p53 show

A

negative consequences

Cancer Biology (15 decks)

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