Cancer Treatment Part 1 Flashcards
what cancer has shown to have become resistant to most forms of traditional treatment?
lung
breast cancer incidence has increase and its likely due to
increased screening
genomics in breast cancer gave…. and proved…
-a threshold between good and bad signature
- patients w/ good signature did not benefit from additional chemotherapy
genomics in b-cell lymphomas showed that DLBCLs were a group of
several subtypes of B-cell neoplasias
with the use of gene expression DLBCLs were subcategorized into
DLBCL: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- PMBL- primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
- GCB DLCL- germinal center B-cell DLBCL
- ABC DLBCL- activated B-cell like DLBCL
the use of gene expression arrays allowed tumors to be categorized by
outcome
karyotype
biochemical alterations
the use of gene expression arrays allowed for better
- survival rate predictions
- treatment options
what is the most common bone cancer in golden retrievers and humans?
osteosarcoma
what is a functional constraint to the development of chemotherapeutics?
only a small set of defective proteins are suitable targets for drug cancer development
what is an example of inhibiting tumor growth by targeting downstream signals?
-blocking Ras w/ farnesyltransferase
- blocking RAF w/ RAF inhibitors
define a therapeutic window
a range of drug dosage where efficacy is the highest and toxicity is the lowest
give an examples of how successful cancer drugs can produce several responses in tumors
- cells die via apoptosis
- induced differentiation
treatment with what lead to complete remission in 85% of patients w/ promyelocytic leukemia
treatment w/ trans retinoic acid
relative of vitamin A
many chemotherapeutics damage chromosomes causing
mitotic catastrophe sending cell into apoptosis
selective targeting of cancer cells involves the use of
-staurosporine
-camptothecin
staurosporine causes
cell cycle arrest at G1 preventing S-phase
camptothecin causes
DNA damage during S-phase inducing apoptosis
treatment of cancer cells w/ staurosporine follwed w/ camptothecin kills
cancer cells but not normal cells
what determines if a cancer is a good target for drug intervention
biochemical subtleties
ex: Gleevec
Gleevec is designed to inhibit the
tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl fusion protein
Gleevec is used for what kind of cancer
CML- chronic myelogenous leukemia
Gleevec converted leukemic cells into
normal granulocytes
qPCR analysis conformed dramatic reduction in….when using Gleevec treatment
Bcr-Abl expression
Gleevec was also used to treat
gastrointestinal tumors
- they have become resistant
veratrum californicum is aka
corn lily
the corn lily is a source of
cyclopamine
cyclopamine is a potent teratogen that targets the….pathways
- Wnt
- Hedgehog
- Frizzled
- Smoothened
EGCG is found in
green tea
EGCG binds to
anti-apoptotic Bcl-X protein
EGCG has
3 high affinity pockets
autumn crocus is a
british flower
autumn crocus is used to treat
gout and inflammation
autumn crocus is the potential source of chemical
colchicine
colchicine slows and kills….but also toxic to__________.
- a number of cancers
- healthy cells
autumn crocus
researchers..
attached a protein to colchicine rendering it inactive until it reaches a tumor
- tumors secrete enzyme that degrades the protein
when protein is degraded colchicine then
attacks tumor blood vessels
autumn crocus strategy is to delay
growth and prevent metastasis of aggressive tumors
